Similar Datasets
Project description:Ripk4-Irf6 signaling axis ensures differentiation and barrier function
| PRJNA510640 | ENA
Project description:The integrity of the mammalian epidermis is essential for organism survival, and it depends on a balance of proliferation and differentiation in the resident stem cell population. The kinase Ripk4 and the transcription factor Irf6 are mutated in severe developmental syndromes in humans, and mice lacking these genes display epidermal hyperproliferation and soft tissue fusions, resulting in neonatal lethality. However, the mechanism by which these genes control epidermal differentiation in vivo is unknown. By generating various mouse knock-out and knock-in strains we demonstrate that in vivo the role of Ripk4 in development is dependent on its kinase activity, Ripk4 and Irf6 function cell autonomously in the epidermis,Ripk4 and Irf6 lie on a linear pathway and phosphorylation of Irf6 on Serine413 and Serine424 is essential to prime it for activation. This priming then allows Ripk4 to phosphorylate Irf6 on Serine90, which ensures Irf6 activation. We then use RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq analysis to define the global transcriptional targets of Irf6 in epidermal differentiation. Collectively, our results explain how Ripk4 activates Irf6, and how this pathway ensures epidermal differentiation and a functional barrier. This is crucial for understanding the etiology of developmental syndromes that are characterized by orofacial, skin and genital abnormalities.
2019-08-29 | GSE124047 | GEO
Project description:Receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4)-deficient mice have epidermal defects and fusion of all external orifices. These are similar to Bartsocas-Papas syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) in humans, for which causative mutations have been documented in the RIPK4 and IRF6 (interferon regulatory factor 6) gene, respectively. Although genetically distinct, these syndromes share the anomalies of marked pterygia, syndactyly, clefting and hypoplastic genitalia. Despite the strong resemblance of these two syndromes, no molecular connection between the transcription factor IRF6 and the kinase RIPK4 was known and the mechanism underlying the phenotype was unclear. Here we describe that RIPK4 deficiency in mice causes epithelial fusions associated with abnormal periderm development and aberrant ectopic localization of E-cadherin on the apical membrane of the outer peridermal cell layers. In Xenopus, RIPK4 depletion causes the absence of ectodermal epiboly and concomitant gastrulation defects that phenocopy ectopic expression of dominant-negative IRF6. We found that IRF6 controls RIPK4 expression and that wild-type, but not kinase-dead, RIPK4 can complement the gastrulation defect in Xenopus caused by IRF6 malfunctioning. In contrast to the mouse, we observed only minor effects on cadherin membrane expression in Xenopus RIPK4 morphants. However, gastrulation defects were associated with a virtual absence of cortical actin in the ectodermal cells that face the blastocoel cavity and this was phenocopied in embryos expressing dominant-negative IRF6. A role for RIPK4 in actin cytoskeleton organization was also revealed in mouse epidermis and in human epithelial HaCaT cells. In conclusion, we showed that in mice RIPK4 is implicated in cortical actin organization and in E-cadherin localization or function, which can explain the characteristic epithelial fusions observed in PPSs. In addition, we provide a novel molecular link between IRF6 and RIPK4 that unifies the different PPSs to a common molecular pathway.
| S-EPMC4423184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2015-08-22 | E-GEOD-64195 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a high metastatic potential. In our previous study, we identified a specific subgroup of patients with pancreatic cancer with a serum signature of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)+/cancer antigen (CA)125+/CA19-9 ≥1,000 U/ml. In this study, by using high-throughput screening analysis, we found that receptor-interacting protein kinases 4 (RIPK4) may be a key molecule involved in the high metastatic potential of this subgroup of patients with pancreatic cancer. A high RIPK4 expression predicted a poor prognosis and promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion via the RAF1/MEK/ERK pathway. Moreover, RIPK4 activated the RAF1/MEK/ERK pathway by regulating proteasome-mediated phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1) degradation. The suppression of PEBP1 degradation eliminated the RIPK4-induced activation of RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling and pancreatic cancer cell migration or invasion. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study indicated that RIPK4 was upregulated in the subgroup of pancreatic cancer with a high metastatic potential. RIPK4 overexpression promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion via the PEBP1 degradation-induced activation of the RAF1/MEK/ERK pathway.
| S-EPMC5843398 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In Alzheimer's disease (AD) more than 50% of the patients are affected by capillary cerebral amyloid-angiopathy (capCAA), which is characterized by localized hypoxia, neuro-inflammation and loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Moreover, AD patients with or without capCAA display increased vessel number, indicating a reactivation of the angiogenic program. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for BBB dysfunction and angiogenesis in capCAA is still unclear, preventing a full understanding of disease pathophysiology. The Liver X receptor (LXR) family, consisting of LXRα and LXRβ, was reported to inhibit angiogenesis and particularly LXRα was shown to secure BBB stability, suggesting a major role in vascular function. In this study, we unravel the regulatory mechanism exerted by LXRα to preserve BBB integrity in human brain endothelial cells (BECs) and investigate its role during pathological conditions. We report that LXRα ensures BECs identity via constitutive inhibition of the transcription factor SNAI2. Accordingly, deletion of brain endothelial LXRα is associated with impaired DLL4-NOTCH signalling, a critical signalling pathway involved in vessel sprouting. A similar response was observed when BECs were exposed to hypoxia, with concomitant LXRα decrease and SNAI2 increase. In support of our cell-based observations, we report a general increase in vascular SNAI2 in the occipital cortex of AD patients with and without capCAA. Importantly, SNAI2 strongly associated with vascular amyloid-beta deposition and angiopoietin-like 4, a marker for hypoxia. In hypoxic capCAA vessels, the expression of LXRα may decrease leading to an increased expression of SNAI2, and consequently BECs de-differentiation and sprouting. Our findings indicate that LXRα is essential for BECs identity, thereby securing BBB stability and preventing aberrant angiogenesis. These results uncover a novel molecular pathway essential for BBB identity and vascular homeostasis providing new insights on the vascular pathology affecting AD patients.
| S-EPMC10684660 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2009-05-20 | GSE16150 | GEO
Project description:While the pro-differentiation and tumour suppressive functions of Notch signalling in keratinocytes are well established, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We report here that interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), an IRF family member with an essential role in epidermal development, is induced in differentiation through a Notch-dependent mechanism and is a primary Notch target in keratinocytes and keratinocyte-derived SCC cells. Increased IRF6 expression contributes to the impact of Notch activation on growth/differentiation-related genes, while it is not required for induction of 'canonical' Notch targets like p21(WAF1/Cip1), Hes1 and Hey1. Down-modulation of IRF6 counteracts differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo, promoting ras-induced tumour formation. The clinical relevance of these findings is illustrated by the strikingly opposite pattern of expression of Notch1 and IRF6 versus epidermal growth factor receptor in a cohort of clinical SCCs, as a function of their grade of differentiation. Thus, IRF6 is a primary Notch target in keratinocytes, which contributes to the role of this pathway in differentiation and tumour suppression.
| S-EPMC3243593 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2014-09-25 | E-GEOD-61426 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-40661 | biostudies-arrayexpress