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GPCR-induced YAP activation sensitizes fibroblasts to profibrotic effects of TGFβ1

ABSTRACT: Fibrosis is an uncontrolled wound healing process resulting from tissue injury, inflammation and fibroblast activation, finally leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in tissues and to organ failure. The underlying mechanisms of fibrosis have been intensely studied and it has become clear that multiple pathways and their crosstalk regulate fibrotic diseases with a few central players, including TGFβ1. Recently, YAP and TAZ were implicated in fibrosis as one of the essential components of its pathogenesis. YAP/TAZ are known to crosstalk with the TGFβ pathway in the nucleus and regulate its activity on transcriptional level by binding to Smad2/3/4 complexes. We hypothesized that factors, such as GPCR ligands which regulate YAP/TAZ, might modulate the profibrotic responses to TGFβ1. We performed gene expression microarray in NHDF treated with TGFβ1, LPA, the combination of TGFβ1/LPA or vehicle. The aim was to have a broader look at transcriptional signatures induced by the individual treatments and in the combination of TGFβ1 and LPA.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE125519 | GEO | 2020/01/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Uncontrolled Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling promotes aggressive metastatic properties in late-stage breast cancers. However, how TGFβ-mediated cues are directed to induce late-stage tumorigenic events is poorly understood, particularly given that TGFβ has clear tumor suppressing activity in other contexts. Here we demonstrate that the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP), key effectors of the Hippo pathway, are necessary to promote and maintain TGFβ-induced tumorigenic phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Interactions between TAZ/YAP, TGFβ-activated SMAD2/3, and TEAD transcription factors reveal convergent roles for these factors in the nucleus. Genome-wide expression analyses indicate that TAZ/YAP, TEADs and TGFβ-induced signals coordinate a specific pro-tumorigenic transcriptional program. Importantly, genes cooperatively regulated by TAZ/YAP, TEAD, and TGFβ, such as the novel targets NEGR1 and UCA1, are necessary for maintaining tumorigenic activity in metastatic breast cancer cells. Nuclear TAZ/YAP also cooperate with TGFβ signaling to promote phenotypic and transcriptional changes in non-tumorigenic cells to overcome TGFβ repressive effects. Our work thus identifies crosstalk between nuclear TAZ/YAP and TGFβ signaling in breast cancer cells, revealing novel insight into late-stage disease-driving mechanisms. Expression profiling was conducted following the repression of the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP), the TEAD family of transcription factors (TEAD1/2/3/4), or the TGFb signaling pathway (with SB-431542, an inhibitor of the TBRI recpeptor) in human MDA-MB-231-LM2 breast cancer cells treated with TGFβ1. Human MDA-MB-231-LM2-4 breast cancer cells were transfected with control siRNA, or siRNAs targeting TAZ/YAP or all four TEADs and were treated 24 hours later with 500pM TGFβ1 or 5mM SB-431542 for an additional 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated and twelve microarrays in total were performed, with each condition carried out three times on separate days. The Boston University Microarray Core generated the data using the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 St Array.

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GPCR-induced YAP activation sensitizes fibroblasts to profibrotic effects of TGFβ1

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