GPCR-induced YAP activation sensitizes fibroblasts to profibrotic effects of TGFβ1
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA516663 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Fibrosis is an uncontrolled wound healing process resulting from tissue injury, inflammation and fibroblast activation, finally leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in tissues and to organ failure. The underlying mechanisms of fibrosis have been intensely studied and it has become clear that multiple pathways and their crosstalk regulate fibrotic diseases with a few central players, including TGFβ1. Recently, YAP and TAZ were implicated in fibrosis as one of the essential components of its pathogenesis. YAP/TAZ are known to crosstalk with the TGFβ pathway in the nucleus and regulate its activity on transcriptional level by binding to Smad2/3/4 complexes. We hypothesized that factors, such as GPCR ligands which regulate YAP/TAZ, might modulate the profibrotic responses to TGFβ1. We performed gene expression microarray in NHDF treated with TGFβ1, LPA, the combination of TGFβ1/LPA or vehicle. The aim was to have a broader look at transcriptional signatures induced by the individual treatments and in the combination of TGFβ1 and LPA.
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Project description:Tissue fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by uncontrolled fibroblast activation that ultimately leads to organ failure. The TGFβ1 pathway, one of the major players in establishment of the disease phenotype, is dependent on the transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ. We were interested whether fibroblasts can be sensitized to TGFβ1 by activation of the GPCR/YAP/TAZ axis and whether this mechanism explains the profibrotic properties of diverse GPCR ligands. We found that LPA, S1P and thrombin cooperate in human dermal fibroblasts with TGFβ1 to induce extracellular matrix synthesis, myofibroblast marker expression and cytokine secretion. Whole genome expression profiling identified a YAP/TAZ signature behind the synergistic profibrotic effects of LPA and TGFβ1. LPA, S1P and thrombin stimulation led to activation of the Rho-YAP axis, an increase of nuclear YAP-Smad2 complexes and enhanced expression of profibrotic YAP/Smad2-target genes. More generally, dermal, cardiac and lung fibroblast responses to TGFβ1 could be enhanced by increasing YAP nuclear levels (with GPCR ligands LPA, S1P, thrombin or Rho activator) and inhibited by decreasing nuclear YAP (with Rho inhibitor, forskolin, latrunculin B or 2-deoxy-glucose). Thus, we present here a conceptually interesting finding that fibroblast responses to TGFβ1 can be predicted based on the nuclear levels of YAP and modulated by stimuli/treatments that change YAP nuclear levels. Our study contributes to better understanding of fibrosis as a complex interplay of signalling pathways and proposes YAP/TAZ as promising targets in the treatment of fibrosis.
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Project description:Uncontrolled Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling promotes aggressive metastatic properties in late-stage breast cancers. However, how TGFβ-mediated cues are directed to induce late-stage tumorigenic events is poorly understood, particularly given that TGFβ has clear tumor suppressing activity in other contexts. Here we demonstrate that the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP), key effectors of the Hippo pathway, are necessary to promote and maintain TGFβ-induced tumorigenic phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Interactions between TAZ/YAP, TGFβ-activated SMAD2/3, and TEAD transcription factors reveal convergent roles for these factors in the nucleus. Genome-wide expression analyses indicate that TAZ/YAP, TEADs and TGFβ-induced signals coordinate a specific pro-tumorigenic transcriptional program. Importantly, genes cooperatively regulated by TAZ/YAP, TEAD, and TGFβ, such as the novel targets NEGR1 and UCA1, are necessary for maintaining tumorigenic activity in metastatic breast cancer cells. Nuclear TAZ/YAP also cooperate with TGFβ signaling to promote phenotypic and transcriptional changes in non-tumorigenic cells to overcome TGFβ repressive effects. Our work thus identifies crosstalk between nuclear TAZ/YAP and TGFβ signaling in breast cancer cells, revealing novel insight into late-stage disease-driving mechanisms. Expression profiling was conducted following the repression of the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP), the TEAD family of transcription factors (TEAD1/2/3/4), or the TGFb signaling pathway (with SB-431542, an inhibitor of the TBRI recpeptor) in human MDA-MB-231-LM2 breast cancer cells treated with TGFβ1. Human MDA-MB-231-LM2-4 breast cancer cells were transfected with control siRNA, or siRNAs targeting TAZ/YAP or all four TEADs and were treated 24 hours later with 500pM TGFβ1 or 5mM SB-431542 for an additional 24 hours. Total RNA was isolated and twelve microarrays in total were performed, with each condition carried out three times on separate days. The Boston University Microarray Core generated the data using the Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 St Array.
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Project description:Microarray analyses with cells/tissues overexpressing YAP have revealed many transcription targets of YAP (Dong et al, 2007; Zhao et al, 2008). However, as YAP induces transformation of non-cancerous cells, we thought many of known targets of YAP may be indirect consequence of transforming property of YAP. To identify the immediate transcription targets for YAP, we utilized immortalized mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells expressing a tamoxifen inducible, hyperactive (S127/381A) YAP mutant (MCF-10A ERT2-YAP 2SA). MCF-10A ERT2 and MCF-10A ERT2-YAP 2SA are generated. Each cell line was treated with 0.1% of ethanol (solvent) or 1uM of 4-hydroxytamoxifen for 2 or 6 hours. This makes 6 samples per set. The experiments were done in duplicate. The expression data from MCF-10A ERT2 and MCF-10A ERT2-YAP 2SA before tamoxifen treatment can serve as control.
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Project description:TGFβ1 is a profibrotic mediator that contributes to a broad spectrum of pathologies, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the secretome of TGFβ1-stimulated primary human normal lung (NL) fibroblasts has not been well characterized. Using fluorescent 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE), we identified 37 differentially secreted proteins in the conditioned media of TGFβ1-activated NL fibroblasts and generated a protein-protein association network of the TGFβ1 secretome using STRING. Functional enrichment revealed that biological processes and pathways characteristics of PF were enriched. Using the DrugBank database, we determined that 32 of the secreted proteins are targets of known experimental, investigational and approved drugs. Additionally, by comparing the TGFβ1 secretome of NL fibroblasts to proteomic biomarkers from biological fluids of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, we identified 11 overlapping proteins. Together our data validate the TGFβ1-induced secretome of NL fibroblasts as a valid in vitro model that reflects SSc biomarkers and identifies potential therapeutic targets for SSc-PF.
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