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Small RNA profiling in mouse alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis model.

ABSTRACT: Complement is known to play a role in alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, thereby constraining the development of a rational approach for therapeutic intervention in the complement system.here we demonstrate protection in wild type mice by treatment with CR2-Crry, a C3 inhibitor that specifically targets sites of complement activation. We found that the expression of glycine transfer (t) RNA-derived fragments (Gly-tRFs) is upregulated in ethanol-fed mice, and that inhibition of Gly-tRFs in vivo decreases chronic ethanol-feeding-induced hepatosteatosis without affecting inflammation

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE126047 | GEO | 2019/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Maternal Serum tRNA-derived Fragments (tRFs) as Potential Candidates for Diagnosis of Fetal Congenital Heart Disease

Project description:Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most predominant birth defects that cause infant death worldwide. The timely and successful surgical treatment of CHD on newborns after delivery requires accurate detection and reliable diagnosis during pregnancy. However, there are no biomarkers that can serve as an early diagnostic factor for CHD patients. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, but their roles in CHD remains unknown. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood of pregnant women with abnormal fetal heart and normal fetal heart, and 728 differentially expressed tRFs/tiRNAs were identified, among which the top 18 tRFs/tiRNAs were selected as predictive biomarkers of CHD. Then, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of tRFs/tiRNAs in more clinical samples, and the correlation between tRFs/tiRNAs abnormalities and CHD was analyzed. Results: tRF-58:74-Gly-GCC-1 and tiRNA-1:35-Leu-CAG-1-M2 may be promising biomarkers. Through further bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that TRF-58:744-GLy-GCC-1 could induce CHD by influencing biological metabolic processes. Conclusions: our results provide a theoretical basis for the abnormally expressed tRF-58:74-Gly-GCC-1 in maternal peripheral blood as a new potential biomarker for the accurate diagnosis of CHD during pregnancy.

2023-03-01 | GSE221349 | GEO

tRF&tiRNA sequencing of human PTC tissues and corresponding paracancer tissues

Project description:Purpose: To study the expression and potential significance of tRF and tiRNA in PTC (Papillary thyroid carcinoma) by sequencing tRF and tiRNA in PTC tissues and corresponding paracancer tissues of thyroid cancer patients. Methods: Four pairs of PTC tissues and paracancer tissues were collected. Small RNA sequencing was performed on Illumina NexSeq instrument. Results: If P ≤ 0.05, fold change > 1.5 as the cutoff, there were 27 up-regulated tRFs & tiRNAs and 20 down-regulated tRFs & tiRNAs. Conclusions: Among the differentially expressed tRFs & tiRNAs, tiRNA-1:34-Lys-CTT-2 and tRF-1:30-Gly-CCC-3 may be the potential novel regulatory factors.

2022-02-26 | GSE197438 | GEO

tsRNAs Are Potential Biomarkers of Acute Rejection in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Project description:Purpose: to explore the function and mechanism of acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation Method: tRF & tiRNA profiles of acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina NextSeq 500. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results:Sequencing was used to screen expression profiles and predict target genes. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the expression levels of 16 tRFs & tiRNAs, including 5 up-regulated target genes and 11 down-regulated target genes. Bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR revealed potential up regulation of tRFs & tiRNAs(tiRNA-1-33-Gly-GCC-1, tiRNA-1-34-Glu-CTC-1, tRF-1-32-Gly-GCC-2-M2) and down regulation of tRFs & tiRNAs (tRF-59:75-Gln-CTG-2-M2, tRF-59:76-Val-AAC-1-M2). Conclusion: In conclusion, it is speculated that tiRNA-1-34-Glu-CTC-1 plays an important role in VCA induced acute rejection by regulating CACNA1D gene in MAPK signaling pathway. This provides a new insight into the mechanism and therapeutic targets of acute rejection.

2022-07-20 | GSE190008 | GEO

Gut complement induced by the microbiota combats pathogens and spares commensals

Project description:Canonically, the complement system is known for its rapid response to remove microbes in the bloodstream. However, relatively little is known about a functioning complement system on intestinal mucosal surfaces. Herein we report the local synthesis of complement component 3 (C3) in the gut, primarily by stromal cells. C3 is expressed upon commensal colonization, is regulated by the composition of the microbiota in healthy humans and mice, leading to an individual host’s specific luminal C3 levels. The absence of membrane attack complex (MAC) components in the gut ensures that C3 deposition does not result in the lysis of commensals. Pathogen infection triggers the immune system to recruit neutrophils to the infection site for pathogen clearance. Basal C3 levels directly correlate with protection against enteric infection. Our study reveals the gut complement system as a novel innate immune mechanism acting as a vigilant sentinel that combats pathogens and spares commensals.

2024-01-16 | GSE250268 | GEO

Gut complement induced by the microbiota combats pathogens and spares commensals

2023-12-04 | GSE248940 | GEO

mRNA profiles of tumor infiltrating macrophage and monocyte derived from C3 wild-type and knock-out mice, subjected to sarcoma transplantable model

Project description:Complement has emerged as a component of tumor promoting inflammation. We conducted a systematic assessment of the role of complement activation and effector pathways in sarcomas. C3-/-, MBL1/2-/- and C4-/- mice showed reduced susceptibility to 3-methylcholanthrene sarcomagenesis and transplanted sarcomas, whereas C1q and factor B deficiency had marginal effects. Complement 3a receptor (C3aR), but not C5aR1 and C5aR2, deficiency mirrored the phenotype of C3-/- mice. C3 and C3aR deficiency were associated with reduced accumulation and functional skewing of tumor-associated macrophages, increased T cell activation and response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Transcriptional profiling of sarcoma infiltrating macrophages and monocytes revealed the enrichment of MHC II-dependent antigen presentation pathway in C3-deficient cells. In patients, C3aR expression correlated with a macrophage population signature and C3 deficiency-associated signatures predicted better clinical outcome. These results suggest that the lectin pathway and C3a/C3aR axis are key components of complement and macrophage-mediated sarcoma promotion and immunosuppression.

2020-11-24 | GSE141692 | GEO

Differential Expression Profiles and Function Predictions for tRFs & tiRNAs in Skin Injury Induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation

Project description:Purpose: to explore the function and mechanism of skin damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Method: Skin tRF & tiRNA profiles of mice normal skin and damage skin induced by Ultraviolet Irradiation (UV) were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina NextSeq 500. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Results:Sequencing was used to screen expression profiles and predict target genes. Compared with normal skin, a total of 31 differentially expressed tRFs and tiRNAs were screened. Among these, 10 tRFs and tiRNAs were shown to be significantly different in expression levels, where there were 4 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated target genes.Altered expression of 4 genes was confirmed with qRT–PCR, demonstrating the high degree of sensitivity of the RNA-seq method. Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes uncovered several as yet uncharacterized genes that may contribute to skin repair after damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Conclusion: tRF-Trp-TCA-001 and tRF-Gly-CCC-019 plays an important role in acute skin injury induced by UVB radiation by regulating the ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) gene in the WNT signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of UV-induced skin injury.

2021-08-06 | GSE162641 | GEO

Complement C3 released from neurotoxic reactive astrocytes impairs learning and memory in the mouse model of postoperative neurodegenerative disorders

Project description:Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PNDs) can commonly occur after major surgery in at risk patients and its occurrence increases medical healthcare burdens and even mortality. Accumulating evidence points to neuroinflammation being pivotal to the pathogenesis of these conditions. The complement cascade contributes to neuroinflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) and complement C3 has been implicated in the manifestation of cognitive deficits in several neurological conditions. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes function differently to their non-activated counterparts and release complement components in response to pathological triggers. We observed previously that surgery induces a rapid rise and then fall in cytokines but a more sustained glial activation response that coincided with postoperative cognitive impairment. In this study, we explored the relationship between the expression of complement C3, glial activation, and cognitive deficits. Using a murine model of surgery, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of hippocampal astrocytes after surgery and examined the effects of C3 suppression on the neuroinflammatory response and cognitive performance. There was a delayed but sustained rise in hippocampal C3 of astrocytic in origin after surgery which corresponded with the onset of cognitive decline. Furthermore, the A1 or the neurotoxic phenotype predominated in this postoperative astrocytic activation, and these cells have a distinct transcriptional profile including C3 upregulation. Suppression of C3 inhibited synaptic phagocytosis by microglia and attenuated postoperative cognitive impairment. Therefore, C3 from reactive astrocytes appear central to the development of cognitive dysfunction associated with postoperative neuroinflammation.

2024-03-13 | GSE199318 | GEO

scRNAseq of mouse CD45- C3 positive and negative cells at peak of EAE

Project description:We performed scRNAseq analysis of CD45- cells sorted from murine brains on the presence or absence of a fluorescent reporter for complement component C3 at peak of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to study the non-immune cellular sources of C3

2024-02-01 | GSE254863 | GEO

Malaria parasite hijacks host complement C3 to facilitate its transmission

Project description:Host-derived factors are sucked into midgut of mosquitoes during natural malaria transmission, but their influence on malaria transmission is largely unknown. We reported that mouse complement C3 taken into mosquitoes significantly promoted malaria transmission either in laboratory or in field. This effect was attributed to the reduction of microbiota abundance in mosquito midgut by host-derived C3 through direct lyses the predominant symbiont bacteria Elizabethkingia anopheles. Elizabethkingia anopheles symbiont bacteria were demonstrated to be detrimental to malaria sexual stages in mosquitoes. Strikingly, the promoted effect of host C3 on malaria transmission was confirmed by laboratory mosquitoes membrane-feeding on Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, we reveal a novel strategy of malaria parasite to utilize host complement C3 to promote its transmission, and the administration of C3 inhibitor would provide us a novel strategy to control malaria transmission.

2024-08-01 | GSE271070 | GEO

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