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Single Cell RNASeq profiling of stromal vascular fraction from Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

ABSTRACT: The complex relationship between metabolic disease risk and body fat distribution in humans involves cellular characteristics which are specific to each body fat compartment. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to identify these depot-specific differences in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue of obese individuals. We characterized multiple immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipose and hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. Subpopulations of adipose-resident immune cells were found to be metabolically active and associated with metabolic disease status including a population of potential dysfunctional CD8+ T cells expressing metallothioneins. Adipocyte progenitors were identified at different stages of adipogenesis where a subset was pronounced in type 2 diabetics. Depot-specific analysis revealed a class of adipocyte progenitors unique to VAT possessing features similar to ‘inducible brown preadipocytes’. Our first generation human scRNA-Seq transcriptome atlas across fat depots provides a new resource to dissect functional genomics of metabolic disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE129363 | GEO | 2019/11/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:*Background: Adipocytes mainly function as energy storage and endocrine cells. The amount and distribution of fat are important factor that influence the meat quality in the beef industry. Fat depot can be found around internal organ (ometal), beneath the skin (subcutaneous), and between muscles (intramuscular). Different adipose depot showed the biological and genetic difference depending on their location. This inter-depot variation might be influenced by the inherent genetic programing for development of adipose depots. In this study, we used RNA-seq data to investigate the difference in transcriptome of various adipose depots in Hanwoo. *Results: Using RNA-seq, we identified 5797, 2156, and 5455 DEGs in the comparison between OI, OS, and IS respectively (FDR<0.01) and found 853, 48, and 979 DEGs specific to subcutaneous, intramuscular and omental fat respectively. DEGs in intramuscular fat were highly enriched the metabolism related pathways compared to other fat depots. DEGs specific to the omental fat is significantly enriched in PPAR signaling pathway and cell-junction related pathway. In subcutaneous fat, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction with chemokines (CXC and CC subfamily) was the most significantly enriched the pathways. Interestingly, melanogenesis pathway was associated with the subcutaneous depot. Even though the adipose tissues shared the same pathways for adipocyte differentiation, the regulation of genes were different based on the depot. *Conclusions: We comparatively analyzed the transcripome profile from different adipose tissues using NGS and identified DEGs between adipose depot and specific to depot in Hanwoo animals. The functional annotation analysis of DEGs found that transcriptome profile difference in various adipose tissue of intramuscular, subcutaneous, and ometal fat. whole mRNA sequencing profiles of nine Korean native cattle (nine profiles of omental fat tissue, nine profiles of intramuscular fat tissue, nine profiles of subcutaneous fat tissue and eight profiles of muscle tissue)

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Single Cell RNASeq profiling of stromal vascular fraction from Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

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