Gene-Specific Control of tRNA expression by RNA Polymerase II (nascent RNA-seq)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE130853 | GEO | 2020/04/15
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Increasing evidence suggests that tRNA levels are dynamically and specifically regulated in response to internal and external cues to modulate the cellular translational program. However, the molecular players and the mechanisms regulating the gene-specific expression of tRNAs are still unknown. Using an inducible auxin-degron system to rapidly deplete RPB1 (the largest subunit of RNA Pol II) in living cells, we identified Pol II as a direct gene-specific regulator of tRNA transcription. Our data suggest that Pol II transcription robustly interferes with Pol III function at specific tRNA genes. This activity was further found to be essential for MAF1-mediated repression of a large set of tRNA genes during serum starvation, indicating that repression of tRNA genes by Pol II is dynamically regulated. Hence, Pol II plays a direct and central role in the gene-specific regulation of tRNA expression.
2020-04-15 | GSE130847 | GEO
Project description:Increasing evidence suggests that tRNA levels are dynamically and specifically regulated in response to internal and external cues to modulate the cellular translational program. However, the molecular players and the mechanisms regulating the gene-specific expression of tRNAs are still unknown. Using an inducible auxin-degron system to rapidly deplete RPB1 (the largest subunit of RNA Pol II) in living cells, we identified Pol II as a direct gene-specific regulator of tRNA transcription. Our data suggest that Pol II transcription robustly interferes with Pol III function at specific tRNA genes. This activity was further found to be essential for MAF1-mediated repression of a large set of tRNA genes during serum starvation, indicating that repression of tRNA genes by Pol II is dynamically regulated. Hence, Pol II plays a direct and central role in the gene-specific regulation of tRNA expression.
2020-04-15 | GSE130877 | GEO
Project description:RNA polymerase II drives mRNA gene expression, yet our understanding of global Pol II repression is limited. Using auxin-inducible degron, we degraded Pol II's RPB1 subunit in mESCs, resulting in global repression, yet certain genes exhibited increased RNA levels post-degradation. These genes are associated with GPCR ligand binding and are characterized by being less paused and comprising polycomb-bound short genes. RPB1 degradation globally increased KDM6B binding, which was insufficient to explain specific gene activation. In contrast, RPB2 degradation repressed nearly all genes, accompanied by decreased H3K9me3 and SUV39H1 occupancy. We observed a specific increase in serine 2 phosphorylated Pol II at Pol II degradation-upregulated genes, indicating their resistance to degradation. Additionally, a-amanitin or UV treatment resulted in RPB1 degradation and global gene repression, unveiling subsets of upregulated genes. Our findings highlight the activation of signaling genes as a potential mechanism for cells to counter global transcription shutdown during stress.
2024-05-28 | PXD048023 |
Project description:Transcriptional repression of ribosomal components and tRNAs is coordinately regulated in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses. Part of this response involves the convergence of different nutritional and stress signaling pathways on Maf1, a protein that is essential for repressing transcription by RNA polymerase (pol) III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we identify the functions buffering yeast cells that are unable to down-regulate transcription by RNA pol III. MAF1 genetic interactions identified in screens of non-essential gene-deletions and conditionally-expressed essential genes reveal a highly interconnected network of 64 genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, RNA pol II transcription, tRNA modification, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and other processes. A survey of non-essential MAF1 synthetic sick/lethal (SSL) genes identified six gene-deletions that are defective in transcriptional repression of ribosomal protein (RP) genes following rapamycin treatment. This subset of MAF1 SSL genes included MED20 which encodes a head module subunit of the RNA pol II Mediator complex. Genetic interactions between MAF1 and subunits in each structural module of Mediator were investigated to examine the functional relationship between these transcriptional regulators. Gene expression profiling identified a prominent and highly selective role for Med20 in the repression of RP gene transcription following treatments with rapamycin, chlorpromazine and tunicamycin and in post-diauxic cells. In addition, attenuated repression of RP genes by rapamycin was observed in a strain deleted for the Mediator tail module subunit Med16. The data suggest that Mediator and Maf1 function in parallel pathways to negatively regulate RP mRNA and tRNA synthesis. Keywords: genetic modification, stress response We generated 12 microarray profiles from fluor-reversed replicates of wild-type and med20? strains with or without treatment with rapamycin and under 5 other conditions that repress ribosomal protein gene transcription. The effect of rapamycin on strains deleted for 3 other Mediator subunits was also assessed relative to wild-type. See Willis et al., (2008) in revision.
2008-06-01 | E-GEOD-11397 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptional repression of ribosomal components and tRNAs is coordinately regulated in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses. Part of this response involves the convergence of different nutritional and stress signaling pathways on Maf1, a protein that is essential for repressing transcription by RNA polymerase (pol) III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we identify the functions buffering yeast cells that are unable to down-regulate transcription by RNA pol III. MAF1 genetic interactions identified in screens of non-essential gene-deletions and conditionally-expressed essential genes reveal a highly interconnected network of 64 genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, RNA pol II transcription, tRNA modification, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and other processes. A survey of non-essential MAF1 synthetic sick/lethal (SSL) genes identified six gene-deletions that are defective in transcriptional repression of ribosomal protein (RP) genes following rapamycin treatment. This subset of MAF1 SSL genes included MED20 which encodes a head module subunit of the RNA pol II Mediator complex. Genetic interactions between MAF1 and subunits in each structural module of Mediator were investigated to examine the functional relationship between these transcriptional regulators. Gene expression profiling identified a prominent and highly selective role for Med20 in the repression of RP gene transcription following treatments with rapamycin, chlorpromazine and tunicamycin and in post-diauxic cells. In addition, attenuated repression of RP genes by rapamycin was observed in a strain deleted for the Mediator tail module subunit Med16. The data suggest that Mediator and Maf1 function in parallel pathways to negatively regulate RP mRNA and tRNA synthesis. Keywords: genetic modification, stress response
2008-06-01 | GSE11397 | GEO
Project description:The conserved phosphoprotein MAF1 is the main known direct repressor of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). MAF1 is phosphorylated and inactivated by the nutrient-sensing TORC1 kinase, making MAF1 a nutrient effector for Pol III transcription. MAF1 has been associated with lipid metabolism in D. melanogaster, C. elegans, and the mouse. However, whereas downregulation of Maf1 generally increases lipogenesis, Maf1-/- mice are lean even under a High Fat (HF) diet. Here we compared Maf1-/- mice fed a Chow diet with mice lacking Maf1 specifically in hepatocytes (Maf1hep-/- mice) fed either a Chow or HF diet. Unlike Maf1-/- mice, Maf1hep-/- mice become slightly heavier than control mice at an old age and much earlier under a HF diet, with increased adiposity. Liver ChIPseq, RNAseq and proteomics analyses indicate increased Pol III occupancy at Pol III genes, very few differences in mRNA accumulation, and subtle changes in protein accumulation that are consistent with increased lipogenesis. RNAseq and metabolite profiling indicate that liver phenotypes of Maf1-/- mice are strongly influenced by systemic inter-organ communication. Notable changes observed in the three phenotypically distinct cohorts include downregulation of Mouse Urinary Proteins, upregulation of Cyp2a4 expression, suggestive of an alteration of Growth Hormone levels or secretion pattern, and downregulation of Angiogenin, a phenomenon that might be directly linked to increased Pol III occupancy of tRNA genes in the main Angiogenin promoter region.
2023-11-28 | PXD040086 | Pride
Project description:RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase (E3) controls the degradation of this largest subunit of Pol II and consequently the Pol II pool size. Although several RPB1-specific E3s have been documented, their function is only revealed in cells with massive DNA damage. We demonstrated that ARMC5 physically interacted with cullin3 (CUL3) and RPB1. ARMC5 is an armadillo domain-containing protein with unknown mechanisms of action. ARMC5 deletion caused significant RPB1 accumulation in all the major organs under a physiological condition in the absence of artificially induced DNA damage. This is accompanied by reduced RPB1 ubiquitination. In vitro ubiquitination assay proved that ARMC5, CUL3, and RBX1 formed an effective E3 for RPB1. RPB1 was confirmed as being highly accumulated in the adrenal gland nodules from PBMAH patients with mutations in the ARMC5 coding sequence. Surprisingly, the compromised RPB1 degradation did not lead to increased Pol II stalling according to ChIP-Seq, or a general decrease of gene transcription according to RNA-seq. On the contrary, among 1486 differentially expressed genes in the KO adrenal glands, 93.5% of them were upregulated, probably due to the enlarged Pol II pool size. Our results showed that the ARMC3-CUL3 E3 was the dominant E3 in normal cells and organs and controlled Pol II pool size. The abnormally large Pol II pool size due to ARMC5 mutation dysregulated a large number of genes that in turn led to many phenotypes, including PBMAH in humans.
2022-05-20 | GSE169578 | GEO
Project description:RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase (E3) controls the degradation of this largest subunit of Pol II and consequently the Pol II pool size. Although several RPB1-specific E3s have been documented, their function is only revealed in cells with massive DNA damage. We demonstrated that ARMC5 physically interacted with cullin3 (CUL3) and RPB1. ARMC5 is an armadillo domain-containing protein with unknown mechanisms of action. ARMC5 deletion caused significant RPB1 accumulation in all the major organs under a physiological condition in the absence of artificially induced DNA damage. This is accompanied by reduced RPB1 ubiquitination. In vitro ubiquitination assay proved that ARMC5, CUL3, and RBX1 formed an effective E3 for RPB1. RPB1 was confirmed as being highly accumulated in the adrenal gland nodules from PBMAH patients with mutations in the ARMC5 coding sequence. Surprisingly, the compromised RPB1 degradation did not lead to increased Pol II stalling according to ChIP-Seq, or a general decrease of gene transcription according to RNA-seq. On the contrary, among 1486 differentially expressed genes in the KO adrenal glands, 93.5% of them were upregulated, probably due to the enlarged Pol II pool size. Our results showed that the ARMC3-CUL3 E3 was the dominant E3 in normal cells and organs and controlled Pol II pool size. The abnormally large Pol II pool size due to ARMC5 mutation dysregulated a large number of genes that in turn led to many phenotypes, including PBMAH in humans.
2022-05-20 | GSE169263 | GEO
Project description:RNA polymerase (pol) III transcribes a variety of small untranslated RNAs that are involved in essential cellular processes that include transcription, RNA processing, and translation. RNA pol III and its components are altered in various human developmental disorders, yet their roles in cell fate determination and development are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Maf1, a transcriptional repressor, promotes induction of mouse embryonic stem cells into mesoderm and their terminal differentiation into adipocytes. Reduced Maf1 expression in preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis while ectopic Maf1 expression in Maf1-/- deficient cells enhances differentiation. RNA pol III repression by either chemical inhibition or knockdown of Brf1, promotes adipogenesis. Altered RNA pol III-dependent transcription produces select changes in RNA pol II-derived transcripts with a significant enrichment of adipogenic gene signatures. Furthermore, RNA pol III-mediated transcription positively regulates long non-coding RNA H19 and Wnt6 expression, established adipogenesis inhibitors. Together, these studies reveal an important and unexpected function for RNA pol III-mediated transcription and Maf1 in mesoderm induction and cellular differentiation.
2018-08-14 | GSE113324 | GEO
Project description:MAF1 is a nutrient-sensitive, TORC1-regulated repressor of RNA polymerase III (Pol III). MAF1 downregulation leads to increased lipogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice. However, Maf1−/− mice are lean as increased lipogenesis is counterbalanced by futile pre-tRNA synthesis and degradation, resulting in increased energy expenditure. We compared Chow-fed Maf1−/− mice with Chow- or High Fat (HF)-fed Maf1hep−/− mice that lack MAF1 specifically in hepatocytes. Unlike Maf1−/− mice, Maf1hep−/− mice become heavier and fattier than control mice with old age and much earlier under a HF diet. Liver ChIPseq, RNAseq and proteomics analyses indicate increased Pol III occupancy at Pol III genes, very few differences in mRNA accumulation, and protein accumulation changes consistent with increased lipogenesis. Futile pretRNA synthesis and degradation in the liver, as likely occurs in Maf1hep−/− mice, thus seems insufficient to counteract increased lipogenesis. Indeed, RNAseq and metabolite profiling indicate that liver phenotypes of Maf1−/− mice are strongly influenced by systemic inter-organ communication. Among common changes in the three phenotypically distinct cohorts, Angiogenin downregulation is likely linked to increased Pol III occupancy of tRNA genes in the Angiogenin promoter.
2023-11-28 | GSE224916 | GEO