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Vascular smooth muscle cell derived from iPS cell of Moyamoya disease - Comparative characterization with endothelial cell transcriptome

ABSTRACT: Transcriptome analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells differentiated from iPS-derived neural crest stem cells in Moyamoya disease Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder characterized by steno-occlusive changes in the cerebral arteries at the base of the brain with unknown etiology, although histopathological features have demonstrated as fibrocellular thickening of the intima and medial thinning on the steno-occlusive arteries. However, the pathophysiology of proliferating cells in the thickened intima is still obscure. Furthermore, biological features of the vascular smooth muscle cells are unclear in MMD. Here, we aimed to analyze whole genome gene expression profile in VSMC using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line. We generated iPS cell line from the blood of MMD with RNF213 R4810K risk allele (rs112735431) or healthy control without the risk allele. VSMCs were differentiated from iPS-derived neural crest stem cells. As a result, we successfully established cranio-cervical region specific VSMC confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Biological cellular features, including cellular proliferation, migration, and contraction ability were similar in VSMCs between MMD and control. Genome-wide gene expression analysis showed similar transcriptome profile in the VSMCs between MMD and control. Differential gene expression analysis in MMD-VSMC revealed 6 differentially expressed genes (4 upregulated, 2 down regulated in MMD), including decorin (DCN, upregulated in MMD), playing an inhibitory role in angiogenesis. In conclusion, VSMCs are not impaired in cellular function with similar transcriptome profile in MMD compared to healthy control. Since many previous studies have shown impaired EC features in MMD, our study suggests EC may play more role in the vascular pathogenesis in MMD rather than VSMC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE131293 | GEO | 2020/09/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation is a hallmark of vascular disease, including atherosclerosis. In particular, the majority of cells within atherosclerotic lesions are generated from pre-existing VSMCs and a clonal nature has been documented for VSMC-derived cells in multiple disease models. However, the mechanisms underlying the generation of oligoclonal lesions and the phenotype of proliferating VSMCs are unknown.Here we analyse clonal dynamics in multi-color lineage-traced animals over time after vessel injury to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying clonal VSMC expansion in disease.We demonstrate that VSMC proliferation is initiated in a small fraction of VSMCs that initially expand clonally in the medial layer and then migrate to form the oligoclonal neointima. Selective activation of VSMC proliferation also occurs in vitro, suggesting that this is a cell-autonomous feature. Mapping of VSMC trajectories using single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a continuum of cellular states after injury and suggests that VSMC proliferation initiates in cells that have downregulated the contractile phenotype and show evidence of pronounced phenotypic switching. We show that proliferation is associated with induced expression of stem cell antigen 1 (SCA1) and the expression signature previously identified in SCA1+ VSMCs in healthy arteries. A remarkably increased proliferation of SCA1+ VSMCs, directly validated in functional assays, indicates that SCA1+ VSMCs act as "first responders" in vascular injury. Early atherosclerotic lesions also had clonal VSMC contribution and we show that the proliferation-associated injury response is conserved in plaque VSMCs, extending these findings to atherosclerosis. Finally, we identify VSMCs in healthy human arteries that correspond to the SCA1+ state in mouse VSMCs and show that genes identified as differentially expressed in this human VSMC subpopulation are enriched for genes showing genetic association with cardiovascular disease. We show that cell-intrinsic, selective VSMC activation drives clonal proliferation after injury and in atherosclerosis. Our study suggests that healthy mouse and human arteries contain VSMCs characterised by expression of disease-associated genes that are predisposed for proliferation. Targeting such "first responder" cells in patients undergoing vascular surgery could effectively prevent injury-associated VSMC activation and neoatherosclerosis.