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Profiling of mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in Apoptotic Bodies during Osteoclastogenesis by RNA-seq

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The goals of this study are to describe the RNA contents in apoptotic bodies (ABs) derived from osteoclasts at different stages and to compare the differences among those ABs from difference cell stages. The biological function of these ABs are also predicted and evaluated. Methods: Primary bone marrow cells were isolated and treated with M-CSF (30ng/mL) to generate bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). BMMs were then used to generate preosteoclast (pOC) stimulated by M-CSF (30ng/mL) together with RANKL (100ng/mL) for 24 h and mature osteoclast (mOC) stimulated by M-CSF (30ng/mL) together with RANKL (100ng/mL) for 72 h or more. RNA profiles of BMM, pOC and mOC were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Results: After acquiring of clean reads, we used Hisat2 for spliced mapping. We mapped about 40 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (GRCm38). Saturation rate analysis was then performed evaluating the gene coverage rate along with read depth increase. The transcripts mapping to difference functional region of the genome was then analyzed. Circos software was used to map the consistency of samples with mouse genome on a chromosomal level. The quantification of transcript intensity was analyzed using Fragments Per Kilobase of exon modelper Million mapped fragments (FPKM). Conclusions: Our study represents the first high-throughput deep RAN sequencing data of cell derived apoptotic bodies. The biological prediction and analysis also revealed that ABs derived from osteoclast of different stages have distinct biological role. Followed by low throughput validation and detailed experiments, we identified that pOC derived ABs are more pro-angiogenic while mOC derived ABs are more pro-osteogenic.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE132230 | GEO | 2019/06/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Bone remodeling is characterized by the sequential, local tethering of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and is key to the maintenance of bone integrity. While bone matrix-mobilized growth factors, such as TGF-β, are proposed to regulate remodeling, no in vivo evidence exists that an osteoclast-produced molecule is the enigmatic coupling factor. We have identified Cthrc1, a protein secreted by mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts, that targets stromal cells so as to stimulate osteogenesis. The expression of Cthrc1 is robustly induced when mature osteoclasts are placed on dentin or hydroxyapatite, and also by increasing extracellular calcium. Cthrc1 expression in bone increases in a high turnover state, such as that which is induced by RANKL injections in vivo, whereas it decreases with aging or following alendronate treatment, conditions associated with suppressed bone turnover. The targeted deletion of the Cthrc1 gene eliminates Cthrc1 expression in bone, whereas its deficiency in osteoblasts does not exert any significant effect. Osteoclast-specific deletion of the Cthrc1 gene results in osteopenia due to reduced bone formation: it also impairs the coupling process following resorption induced by RANKL injections, with a resultant impairment of bone mass recovery. Thus, Cthrc1 is an osteoclast-secreted “coupling factor” that regulates bone remodeling and hence, skeletal integrity. Total bone marrow cells were prepared from the femurs and tibias of 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice and cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100ng/ml) for 3 days as described previously (Takeshita et al., 2000 JBMR 15:1477-1488). Cells were harvested with 0.02% EDTA/PBS and used as bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). These BMMs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF (100 ng/ml) and RANKL (100ng/ml) for 2 days. TRAP positive mononuclear cells were harvested and used as pre-osteoclasts (pOC). These pOC cells were further cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 2 days in normal plastic plate or on dentin slices. After 2 days, multinucleated TRAP positive mature osteoclasts were generated as mature osteoclasts on plate (mOCp) and mature resorbing osteoclasts on dentin (mOCd), respectively. RNAs were extracted from four different stages of osteoclast lineage cells; BMMs, pOC, mOCp and mOCd, and used for microarray analysis.

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Profiling of mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in Apoptotic Bodies during Osteoclastogenesis by RNA-seq

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