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Identification and therapeutic rescue of autophagosome and glutamate receptor defects in C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS neurons

ABSTRACT: RNA sequencing analysis of Hb9::RFP human induced motor neurons generated using transcription factor overexpression. The goal of this project is to evaluate the process of APC in rescuing degeneration motor neurons.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE133162 | GEO | 2019/06/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Identification and therapeutic rescue of autophagosome and glutamate receptor defects in C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS neurons.

Project description:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease with diverse etiologies. Therefore, the identification of common disease mechanisms and therapeutics targeting these mechanisms could dramatically improve clinical outcomes. To this end, we developed induced motor neuron (iMN) models from C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS (sALS) patients to identify targets that are effective against these types of cases, which together comprise ~90% of patients. We find that iMNs from C9ORF72 and several sporadic ALS patients share two common defects - impaired autophagosome formation and the aberrant accumulation of glutamate receptors. Moreover, we show that an anticoagulation-deficient form of activated protein C, 3K3A-APC, rescues these defects in both C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS iMNs. As a result, 3K3A-APC treatment lowers C9ORF72 dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) levels, restores nuclear TDP-43 localization, and rescues the survival of both C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS iMNs. Importantly, 3K3A-APC also lowers glutamate receptor levels and rescues proteostasis in vivo in C9ORF72 gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. Thus, motor neurons from C9ORF72 and at least a subset of sporadic ALS patients share common, early defects in autophagosome formation and glutamate receptor homeostasis and a single therapeutic approach may be efficacious against these disease processes.

| S-EPMC6693831 | biostudies-literature

Genome-wide analysis of transcription in in vitro- and in vivo-derived motor neurons

Project description:RNA sequencing analysis of Hb9::GFP mouse embryonic fibroblasts, Hb9::GFP+ primary mouse embryonic motor neurons at day E13.5, Hb9::GFP+ mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons, Hb9::GFP+ mouse induced pluripotent stem cell derived motor neurons, and Hb9::GFP+ mouse induced motor neurons generated using transcription factor overexpression. The goal of this project is to evaluate the ability of directed differentiation and lineage conversion techniques to generate a bona fide neuronal subtype.

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Identification and therapeutic rescue of autophagosome and glutamate receptor defects in C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS neurons

Project description:Identification and therapeutic rescue of autophagosome and glutamate receptor defects in C9ORF72 and sporadic ALS neurons

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Global gene expression analysis of three different types of mouse motor neurons

Project description:Analysis of gene expression differences in three types of mouse motor neurons: (1) those harvested from E13.5 mouse embryos; (2) those derived from embryonic stem cells by directed differentiation; and (3) those made from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by transcription factor reprogramming. Hb9::GFP+ mouse motor neurons were obtained by three methods [(1) dissection of Hb9::GFP-transgenic E13.5 mouse embryo spinal cord; (2) directed differentiation of an Hb9::GFP-transgenic mouse embryonic stem cell line, V6.5; (3) reprogramming of Hb9::GFP-transgenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts by overexpression of 10 transcription factors]. Each type of motor neuron was purified by FACS and harvested in Trizol. Total RNA was purified and prepared for hybridization onto Illumina MouseRef-8.

2011-08-17 | E-GEOD-31160 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Pathways Disrupted in Human ALS Motor Neurons Identified Through Genetic Correction of Mutant SOD1

Project description:Although many distinct mutations in a variety of genes are known to cause Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), it remains poorly understood how they selectively impact motor neuron biology and whether they converge on common pathways to cause neural degeneration. Here, we have combined reprogramming and stem cell differentiation approaches with genome engineering and RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional changes that are induced in human motor neurons by mutant SOD1. Mutant SOD1 protein induced a transcriptional signature indicative of increased oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial function, altered sub-cellular transport as well as activation of the ER stress and unfolded protein response pathways. Functional studies demonstrated that perturbations in these pathways were indeed the source of altered transcript levels. 5 samples, 2 patient-derived SOD1A4V and 3 isogenic control samples where the mutation has been corrected. All samples are motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and isolated after lentiviral infection with an Hb9:RFP construct and FACS purification. Each sample is a separate biological replicate.

2014-02-03 | E-GEOD-54409 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ATAC-seq of embryonic motor neurons

Project description:ATAC-seq of Hb9:GFP e10.5 spinal motor neurons from C57/Bl6 mice

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iPSC derived motor neuron cultures from C9ORF72 carriers

Project description:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Expansions of a hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) in the noncoding region of the C9ORF72 gene are the most common cause of the familial form of ALS (C9-ALS), as well as frontotemporal lobar degeneration and other neurological diseases. How the repeat expansion causes disease remains unclear, with both loss of function (haploinsufficiency) and gain of function (either toxic RNA or protein products) proposed. We report a cellular model of C9-ALS with motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from ALS patients carrying the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. No significant loss of C9ORF72 expression was observed, and knockdown of the transcript was not toxic to cultured human motor neurons. Transcription of the repeat was increased, leading to accumulation of GGGGCC repeat–containing RNA foci selectively in C9-ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons. Repeat-containing RNA foci colocalized with hnRNPA1 and Pur-?, suggesting that they may be able to alter RNA metabolism. C9-ALS motor neurons showed altered expression of genes involved in membrane excitability including DPP6, and demonstrated a diminished capacity to fire continuous spikes upon depolarization compared to control motor neurons. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the C9ORF72 transcript suppressed RNA foci formation and reversed gene expression alterations in C9-ALS motor neurons. These data show that patient-derived motor neurons can be used to delineate pathogenic events in ALS. Transcriptome profiling from iPSC derived motor neurons compared to controls

2013-11-07 | E-GEOD-52202 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from wildtype and unc-37 mutant A-class motor neurons in C. elegans

Project description:In Caenorhabditis elegans, VA and VB motor neurons arise as lineal sisters but synapse with different interneurons to regulate locomotion. VA-specific inputs are defined by the UNC-4 homeoprotein and its transcriptional corepressor, UNC-37/Groucho, which function in the VAs to block the creation of chemical synapses and gap junctions with interneurons normally reserved for VBs. To reveal downstream genes that control this choice, we have employed a cell-specific microarray strategy that has now identified unc-4-regulated transcripts. One of these genes, ceh-12, a member of the HB9 family of homeoproteins, is normally restricted to VBs. We show that expression of CEH-12/HB9 in VA motor neurons in unc-4 mutants imposes VB-type inputs. Thus, this work reveals a developmental switch in which motor neuron input is defined by differential expression of transcription factors that select alternative presynaptic partners. The conservation of UNC-4, HB9, and Groucho expression in the vertebrate motor circuit argues that similar mechanisms may regulate synaptic specificity in the spinal cord. We employ the mRNA-tagging method to isolate poly(A) RNA from wildtype and unc-37 mutant A-class motor neurons by expressing a 3X FLAG-tagged poly(A) binding protein PAB-1 in DA/VA neurons under control of the unc-4 promoter. A 2-round IVT protocol (modified from the Affymetrix small-sample protocol) was used to convert starting RNA into biotinylated aRNA.

2012-09-01 | E-GEOD-32467 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mitigating antagonism between transcription and proliferation allows near-deterministic cellular reprogramming (Single Cell)

Project description:RNA sequencing analysis of Hb9::GFP mouse embryonic fibroblasts infected with control or reprogramming transcription factors at 4 dpi, and Hb9::GFP+ mouse induced motor neurons generated using transcription factor overexpression. The goal of this study is to examine the transcriptional path of reprogramming cells to identify molecular mechanisms and populations of highly efficient reprogramming.

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Mitigating antagonism between transcription and proliferation allows near-deterministic cellular reprogramming (iMN)

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