Detailed transcriptome atlas of the pancreatic beta cell
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE13381 | GEO | 2008/12/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA109807
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The aim of the present study was to explore the transcriptome of pancreatic islets and, based on this information, to prepare a comprehensive and open access inventory of insulin-producing ?-cell gene expression, the beta-Cell Gene Atlas (BCGA). INS-1 cells, primary rat beta-cells (>87% beta-cells) and non-beta-cells (<3% beta cells, mostly alpha) were isolated by FACS mediated purification of two different rat islet preparations.
2008-12-31 | E-GEOD-13381 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BackgroundGene expression patterns provide a detailed view of cellular functions. Comparison of profiles in disease vs normal conditions provides insights into the processes underlying disease progression. However, availability and integration of public gene expression datasets remains a major challenge. The aim of the present study was to explore the transcriptome of pancreatic islets and, based on this information, to prepare a comprehensive and open access inventory of insulin-producing beta cell gene expression, the Beta Cell Gene Atlas (BCGA).MethodsWe performed Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) analysis of human pancreatic islet samples and microarray analyses of purified rat beta cells, alpha cells and INS-1 cells, and compared the information with available array data in the literature.ResultsMPSS analysis detected around 7600 mRNA transcripts, of which around a third were of low abundance. We identified 2000 and 1400 transcripts that are enriched/depleted in beta cells compared to alpha cells and INS-1 cells, respectively. Microarray analysis identified around 200 transcription factors that are differentially expressed in either beta or alpha cells. We reanalyzed publicly available gene expression data and integrated these results with the new data from this study to build the BCGA. The BCGA contains basal (untreated conditions) gene expression level estimates in beta cells as well as in different cell types in human, rat and mouse pancreas. Hierarchical clustering of expression profile estimates classify cell types based on species while beta cells were clustered together.ConclusionOur gene atlas is a valuable source for detailed information on the gene expression distribution in beta cells and pancreatic islets along with insulin producing cell lines. The BCGA tool, as well as the data and code used to generate the Atlas are available at the T1Dbase website (T1DBase.org).
| S-EPMC2635377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During Type 1 diabetes development, T lymphocytes infiltrate pancreatic islets and induce the destruction of the insulin-producing cells within the islets, the beta-cells. T lymphocytes are known to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines but also exosomes that could contribute to the mechanisms leading to beta-cell death. In this project, we wanted to investigate the effect of exosomes released from T lymphocytes on beta-cell gene expression.
2018-09-11 | GSE92439 | GEO
Project description:Access to an unlimited number of human pancreatic beta cells represents a major challenge in the field of diabetes to better dissect human beta cell functions and to make significant progress in drug discovery and cell replacement therapies. We previously reported the generation of the EndoC-bH1 human beta cell line that was generated by targeted oncogenesis in human fetal pancreases followed by in vivo cell differentiation in mice. Such cell line displayed many functional properties of adult beta cells. Here we devised a novel strategy to generate conditionally immortalized human beta cell lines based on CRE-mediated excision of immortalizing transgenes. The resulting EndoC-bH2 cell line can be massively amplified in vitro. Transgenes are next efficiently excised upon CRE expression leading to cell proliferation arrest and strong enhancement of beta cell specific features such as insulin expression, content and secretion. Excised EndoC-bH2 cells are close to authentic human beta cells and represent a unique tool to further study beta cell function and to understand why adult human beta cells are refractory to proliferation and how to achieve drug-dependent mobilization towards beta cell expansion. Expression profile of human beta cell lineEndoC-bH2 before and after excision of an immortalization cassette (SV40 LT and hTERT) is compared to human exocrine pancreas cell line SKPC and adult human islets from cadaveric donors. Three replicates were used for each sample group. The three adult human islets samples were taken from GEO series GSE40709 (GSM999550, GSM999551 and GSM999552) and normalized with H357 and SKPC cell line samples using RMA.
2014-03-21 | E-GEOD-48101 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:During pregnancy, the energy requirements of the fetus impose changes in maternal metabolism. Increasing insulin resistance in the mother maintains nutrient flow to the growing fetus, while prolactin and placental lactogen counterbalance this resistance and prevent maternal hyperglycemia by driving expansion of the maternal population of insulin-producing beta-cells. However, the exact mechanisms by which the lactogenic hormones drive beta-cell expansion remain uncertain. Here we show that serotonin acts downstream of lactogen signaling to drive beta-cell proliferation. Serotonin synthetic enzyme Tph1 and serotonin production increased sharply in beta-cells during pregnancy or after treatment with lactogens in vitro. Inhibition of serotonin synthesis by dietary tryptophan restriction or Tph inhibition blocked beta-cell expansion and induced glucose intolerance in pregnant mice without affecting insulin sensitivity. Expression of the Gq-linked serotonin receptor Htr2b in maternal islets increased during pregnancy and normalized just prior to parturition, while expression of the Gi-linked receptor Htr1d increased at the end of pregnancy and postpartum. Blocking Htr2b signaling in pregnant mice also blocked beta-cell expansion and caused glucose intolerance. These studies reveal an integrated signaling pathway linking beta-cell mass to anticipated insulin need during pregnancy. Modulators of this pathway, including medications and diet, may affect the risk of gestational diabetes. Analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from 3 biological replicates of pancreatic islets isolated from normal female and pregnant female mice
2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-21860 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Diabetes results from an inadequate number of insulin-producing human beta cells. There is currently no effective means to restore beta cell mass in millions of people with diabetes. Although the DYRK1A inhibitors, either alone or in combination with GLP1 receptor agonists (GLP1) or TGF superfamily inhibitors (LY), induce beta cell replication and increase beta cell mass, the precise mechanisms of action remain elusive. We performed single cell RNA sequencing on human pancreatic islets treated with a DYRK1A inhibitor, either alone, or with GLP1 or LY. We identify Cycling Alpha Cells as the most responsive cells to DYRK1A inhibition. Lineage trajectory analyses suggest that Cycling Alpha Cells may serve as precursor cells that transdifferentiate into beta cells. In addition to shedding light onto the mechanisms of action of DYRK1A inhibitors, our findings suggest that the proper target for regenerative drugs in human islets may be Cycling Alpha Cells.
2024-12-05 | GSE266427 | GEO
Project description:To understand organ function it is important to have an inventory of the cell types present in the tissue and of the corresponding markers that identify them. This is a particularly challenging task for human tissues like the pancreas, since reliable markers are limited. Transcriptome-wide studies are typically done on pooled islets of Langerhans, which obscures contributions from rare cell types and/or potential subpopulations. To overcome this challenge, we developed an automated single-cell sequencing platform to sequence the transcriptome of thousands of single pancreatic cells from deceased organ donors, allowing in silico purification of all main pancreatic cell types. We identify cell type-specific transcription factors, a subpopulation of REG3A-positive acinar cells, and cell surface markers that allow sorting of live alpha and beta cells with high purity. This resource will be useful for developing a deeper understanding of pancreatic biology and pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.
2016-10-04 | GSE85241 | GEO
Project description:It is known that the stresses encountered during islet isolation have deleterious effects on beta-cell physiology. The nature of these effects, however, is incompletely known, partly due to the heterogeneity of islet preparations. The objective was to assess the genome-wide effect of islet isolation and in-vitro culture on beta-cell transcriptome. Beta cells identified by their intrinsic autofluorescence, were captured from donor pancreas and isolated islets using Laser Capture Microdissection. Beta cells from donor pancreas serve as the control. Our results indicated induction of a strong inflammatory response induced by islet isolation which continues during in vitro culture manifested by upregulation of several cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. IL-8 was induced by 3.6-fold and 56-fold in fresh and 3-days cultured islets respectively. Concordantly, several pancreatic progenitor cell-specific transcription factors like were upregulated in cultured islets, suggesting progressive transformation of mature beta-cell phenotype toward an immature endocrine cell phenotype. There are three sample types in our experiment; 1) beta-cells captured from the frozen sections of donor pancreas n=8, 2) beta cells extracted from islets frozen immediately after isolation (d0 islets) n=8 and, 3) beta cells extracted from isolated islets frozen after culturing for 3 days (d3 islets) n=5. For the analysis, beta cells from pancreas were considered as the reference point.
2012-02-12 | E-GEOD-29113 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Insulin-secreting β cells and glucagon-secreting α cells maintain physiological blood glucose levels, and their malfunction drives diabetes development. Using ChIP sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis, we determined the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape of human pancreatic α, β, and exocrine cells. We found that, compared with exocrine and β cells, differentiated α cells exhibited many more genes bivalently marked by the activating H3K4me3 and repressing H3K27me3 histone modifications. This was particularly true for β cell signature genes involved in transcriptional regulation. Remarkably, thousands of these genes were in a monovalent state in β cells, carrying only the activating or repressing mark. Our epigenomic findings suggested that α to β cell reprogramming could be promoted by manipulating the histone methylation signature of human pancreatic islets. Indeed, we show that treatment of cultured pancreatic islets with a histone methyltransferase inhibitor leads to colocalization of both glucagon and insulin and glucagon and insulin promoter factor 1 (PDX1) in human islets and colocalization of both glucagon and insulin in mouse islets. Thus, mammalian pancreatic islet cells display cell-type–specific epigenomic plasticity, suggesting that epigenomic manipulation could provide a path to cell reprogramming and novel cell replacement-based therapies for diabetes. Pancreatic islets were collected post-mortem from 6 human donors and subjected to FACS to separate populations of alpha, beta, and exocrine cells. Depending on the availability of resulting material, sorted islet cell populations were used for H3K4me3, H3K27me3 ChIP-seq, or RNA-seq analysis. All ChIP-seq samples have a corresponding input from the same sample.
2013-08-28 | E-GEOD-50386 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The activity of pancreatic islets’ insulin-producing β-cells is closely regulated by systemic cues and, locally, by adjacent islet hormone-producing “non-β-cells” (namely α-, δ- and γ-cells). Still, it is unclear whether the presence of the non-β-cells is a requirement for accurate insulin secretion. Here, we generated and studied a mouse model in which adult islets are exclusively composed of β-cells, and human pseudoislets containing only primary β-cells. Mice lacking non-β-cells had optimal blood glucose regulation. They exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and restricted body weight gain under high-fat diet. The insulin secretion dynamics in islets composed of only β-cells was like in intact islets, both in homeostatic conditions and upon extreme insulin demand. Similarly, human β-cell pseudoislets retained the glucose-regulated mitochondrial respiration, insulin secretion and exendin-4 responses of human islets comprising all four cell types. Together, the findings indicate that non-β-cells are dispensable for blood glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. This is particularly relevant in diabetes, where non-β-cells become dysfunctional and worsen the disease’s pathophysiology. These results support efforts aimed at developing diabetes treatments by generating β-like cell clusters devoid of non-β-cells, as for example from human embryonic stem cells and/or by in situ conversion of non-β-cells into insulin producers.
2024-07-19 | GSE226479 | GEO