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P53-bound enhancer elements require locally acting transcription factors

ABSTRACT: Using a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA), we examined the effect of local sequence context on p53-dependent enhancer activity.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE137297 | GEO | 2020/02/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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p53-bound enhancer elements require locally acting transcription factors

Project description:p53-bound enhancer elements require locally acting transcription factors

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Locally acting transcription factors regulate p53-dependent cis-regulatory element activity.

Project description:The master tumor suppressor p53 controls transcription of a wide-ranging gene network involved in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage repair, and senescence. Recent studies revealed pervasive binding of p53 to cis-regulatory elements (CREs), which are non-coding segments of DNA that spatially and temporally control transcription through the combinatorial binding of local transcription factors. Although the role of p53 as a strong trans-activator of gene expression is well known, the co-regulatory factors and local sequences acting at p53-bound CREs are comparatively understudied. We designed and executed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to investigate the effect of transcription factor binding motifs and local sequence context on p53-bound CRE activity. Our data indicate that p53-bound CREs are both positively and negatively affected by alterations in local sequence context and changes to co-regulatory TF motifs. Our data suggest p53 has the flexibility to cooperate with a variety of transcription factors in order to regulate CRE activity. By utilizing different sets of co-factors across CREs, we hypothesize that global p53 activity is guarded against loss of any one regulatory partner, allowing for dynamic and redundant control of p53-mediated transcription.

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The histone lysine demethylase JMJD3/KDM6B is recruited to p53 bound promoters and enhancer elements in a p53 dependent manner.

Project description:The JmjC domain-containing protein JMJD3/KDM6B catalyses the demethylation of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2. JMJD3 appears to be highly regulated at the transcriptional level and is upregulated in response to diverse stimuli such as differentiation inducers and stress signals. Accordingly, JMJD3 has been linked to the regulation of different biological processes such as differentiation of embryonic stem cells, inflammatory responses in macrophages, and induction of cellular senescence via regulation of the INK4A-ARF locus. Here we show here that JMJD3 interacts with the tumour suppressor protein p53. We find that the interaction is dependent on the p53 tetramerization domain. Following DNA damage, JMJD3 is transcriptionally upregulated and by performing genome-wide mapping of JMJD3, we demonstrate that it binds genes involved in basic cellular processes, as well as genes regulating cell cycle, response to stress and apoptosis. Moreover, we find that JMJD3 binding sites show significant overlap with p53 bound promoters and enhancer elements. The binding of JMJD3 to p53 target sites is increased in response to DNA damage, and we demonstrate that the recruitment of JMJD3 to these sites is dependent on p53 expression. Therefore, we propose a model in which JMJD3 is recruited to p53 responsive elements via its interaction with p53 and speculate that JMJD3 could act as a fail-safe mechanism to remove low levels of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 to allow for efficient acetylation of H3K27.

| S-EPMC4010471 | biostudies-literature

In vivo characterization of Linc-p21 reveals functional cis-regulatory DNA elements

Project description:We have sequenced wildtype and mutant heart, liver, lung, and hindlimb from E14.5 embryos of the mutant lncRNA strain Trp53cor1tm1.1Vlcg (lincp21), and performed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) in mouse myoblast cells (C2C12).

2016-08-11 | GSE73472 | GEO

MPRA of two human and one cynomologous NPC line to assay activity of DNAse1 hypersensitive sites in the proximity of the Trnp1 gene

Project description:Homo sapiens and Macaca fascicularis neural progenitor cell lines were transduced with a lentiviral MPRA (Massively Parallel Reporter Assay) library. MPRA barcode sequencing and RNA-seq was performed on the extracted RNA. MPRA data was used to compare activity of regulatory sequences across 75 mammalian species with a focus on primates and correlate these activities with the Phenotype of gyrencephaly.

2021-05-12 | E-MTAB-9952 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-seq of two human and one cynomologous NPC line to assay activity of DNAse1 hypersensitive sites in the proximity of the Trnp1 gene

Project description:Homo sapiens and Macaca fascicularis neural progenitor cell lines were transduced with a lentiviral MPRA (Massively Parallel Reporter Assay) library. MPRA barcode sequencing and RNA-seq was performed on the extracted RNA. RNA-seq data was used to confirm transcription factor expression.

2021-05-12 | E-MTAB-9951 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The Peril DNA locus acts as an in vivo enhancer for distal but not proximal genes

Project description:(1) We have performed a massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) in C2C12 cells. Additionally, we have (2) sequenced wildtype and mutant ganglionic emminence and olfactory bulb (GE/OB), and kidney from E14.5 mouse pups, as well as mESC from the mutant strain Periltm1.1Vlcg.

2018-11-02 | GSE104341 | GEO

Massively Parallel Reporter Assay for pluripotency factors in mESCs

Project description:A massively parallel reporter assay, MPRA, was conducted in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Synthetic cis-regulatory elements comprised of binding sites for pluripotency transcription factors and genomic sequences with comparable binding sites configurations were used in the assay. Transcripts of dsRed were amplified via PCR from the end of the transcript to sequence 3' UTR barcodes.

2019-09-18 | GSE120240 | GEO

The histone lysine demethylase JMJD3/KDM6B is recruited to p53 bound promoters and enhancer elements in a p53 dependent manner

Project description:The JmjC domain containing protein JMJD3/KDM6B catalyses H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 demethylation. JMJD3 appears to be highly regulated at the transcriptional level and is upregulated in response to diverse stimuli such as differentiation inducers and stress signals. Accordingly, JMJD3 has been linked to the regulation of different biological processes such as differentiation of embryonic stem cells, inflammatory responses in macrophages, and induction of cellular senescence via regulation of the INK4A-ARF locus. Here we show here that JMJD3 interacts with the tumour suppressor protein p53. We find that the interaction is dependent on the p53 tetramerization domain. Following DNA damage, JMJD3 is transcriptionally upregulated and by performing genome-wide mapping of JMJD3, we demonstrate that it binds genes involved in basic cellular processes, as well as genes regulating cell cycle, response to stress and apoptosis. Moreover, we find that JMJD3 binding sites show significant overlap with p53 bound promoters and enhancer elements. The binding of JMJD3 to p53 target sites is increased in response to DNA damage, and we demonstrate that the recruitment of JMJD3 to these sites is dependent on p53 expression. Therefore, we propose a model in which JMJD3 is recruited to p53 responsive elements via its interaction with p53 and speculate that JMJD3 could act as a fail-safe mechanism to remove low levels of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 to allow for efficient acetylation of H3K27. Examination of JMJD3 and p53 genome-wide binding in untreated BJ cells or cells exposed to DNA damage (IR, 10 Gy)

2014-06-11 | E-GEOD-55912 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Alternative polyadenylation of MeCP2: Influence of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors.

Project description:The human MeCP2 gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed methyl CpG binding protein. Mutations in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder called Rett Syndrome (RS). Mutations identified in the coding region of MeCP2 account for approximately 65% of all RS cases. However, 35% of all patients do not show mutations in the coding region of MeCP2, suggesting that mutations in non-coding regions likely exist that affect MeCP2 expression rather than protein function. The gene is unusual in that is has a >8.5 kb 3' untranslated region (3' UTR), and the size of the 3'UTR is differentially regulated in various tissues because of distinct polyadenylation signals. We have identified putative cis-acting auxiliary regulatory elements that play a role in alternative polyadenylation of MeCP2 using an in vivo polyadenylation reporter assay and in a luciferase assay. These cis-acting auxiliary elements are found both upstream and downstream of the core CPSF binding sites. Mutation of one of these cis-acting auxiliary elements, a G-rich element (GRS) significantly reduced MeCP2 polyadenylation efficiency in vivo. We further investigated what trans-acting factor(s) might be binding to this cis-acting element and found that hnRNP F protein binds specifically to the element. We next investigated the MeCP2 3' UTRs by performing quantitative real-time PCR; the data suggest that altered RNA stability is not a major factor in differential MeCP2 3' UTR usage. In sum, the mechanism(s) of regulated alternative 3'UTR usage of MeCP2 are complex, and insight into these mechanisms will aid our understanding of the factors that influence MeCP2 expression.

| S-EPMC4096559 | biostudies-literature

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