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Developmental Transcriptome Profiling Uncovered Carbon Signaling Genes Associated with Almond fruit drop

ABSTRACT: Almond is one of the most featured nut crops owing to its high nutritional value. However, due to three different waves of flower and fruitlet drop, fruit drop is a major concern for growers. In this study, we carried out a time-course transcriptome analysis to investigate gene expression difference between normal and abnormal fruitlet development. By de novo assembly analysis, we identified 33,577 unigenes and provided their functional annotations. In total, we identified 8,676 differentially expressed genes and observed the most apparent difference between normal and abnormal fruits at 12 and 17 day after flowering. Their biological functions were enriched in carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and plant hormone signal transduction. RT-qPCR validated the expression pattern of 15 representative genes, including glycosyltransferase like family 2, MYB39, IAA13, gibberellin-regulated protein 11-like and POD44, which confirmed the reliability of our transcriptome data. This study provides an insight into the association between abnormal fruit development and carbohydrate signaling from the early developmental stages and could be served as useful information for understanding the regulatory mechanism related to almond fruit drop.

ORGANISM(S): Prunus dulcis

PROVIDER: GSE138034 | GEO | 2021/02/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Gametophytic self-incompatibility is the primary cause of low fruit set in almond. The mechanism of recognition that determines whether the gametophyte is successfully fertilized between pollen tube SCF (F-box-SSK1-Cul1-Rbx1) protein and pistil S-RNase protein during fertilization is unclear. In this study, the pistils of two almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' were used as the experimental materials after selfing- and nonselfing/cross-pollination, and pistils from the stamen-removed flowers were used as controls. We used fluorescence microscopy to observe the development of pollen tubes after pollination and 4-dimensional label-free quantitation (4D-LFQ) to detect the protein expression profiles of 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' pistils and in controls. The results showed that it took 24-36 h for the development of the pollen tube to 1/3 of the pistil, and a total of 7684 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the pistil after pollinating 36 h, of which 7022 were quantifiable. The up- and down-regulation of the 12 differential protein expressions identified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was the same as that identified by 4D-LFQ, with an average fold-change difference of 14.34%, a maximum of 31.37% and a minimum of 3.68%. Bioinformatics analysis based on the function of the differential proteins, including classification, enrichment, and clustering, identified RNA polymerases (4 DAPs), autophagy (3 DAPs), oxidative phosphorylation (3 DAPs), and homologous recombination (2 DAPs) pathways associated with the self-incompatibility process. The interaction between the serine/threonine kinase (MARK2) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase and the microtubule protein component microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/ACT) was found using the STRING database, which demonstrated the involvement of the MARK2 protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. It provides a new way to reveal the mechanism by which almond pollen tubes recognize the self and nonself S-RNase enzyme protein.

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Developmental Transcriptome Profiling Uncovered Carbon Signaling Genes Associated with Almond fruit drop

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