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Global transcriptome of Helianthus annuus, Beta vulgaris, Ricinus communis and Phaseolus vulgaris healthy plants and plant infected by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (strain 1980)

ABSTRACT: Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a form of plant immunity conserved across species able to limit infections caused by a broad range of pathogens. QDR has a complex genetic determinism, the bases of which are not fully understood. The number of genes contributing to the QDR response and the extent to which molecular components of the QDR response vary across plant species remain elusive. The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of white mold disease on hundreds of plant species, triggers QDR responses in host populations. To document the diversity of plant responses to S. sclerotiorum at the molecular level, we analyzed the complete transcriptome of six plant species spanning the Pentapetalae group inoculated by the same strain of S. sclerotiorum. We identified 48,910 genes differentially expressed (DEGs) upon infection across six species, enriched in 286 gene ontologies and 148 PFAM domains. DEGs represented ~32% of the plant genome, with an excess of down-regulated over up-regulated genes in all species. DEGs were enriched among orthologous gene groups conserved in all six species (core) compared to other orthologous groups and lineage-specific groups. Although 86.9% of core orthogroups included DEGs, only 5.5% included DEGs from all six species, revealing a high degree of regulatory divergence at the interspecific level. Focusing on a group of ABCG/PDR transporters with up-regulated members in all species, we propose that an ancestral function of AtPDR12 in acclimation to abiotic stress was exapted into QDR against S. sclerotiorum through reinforcement of pathogen responsiveness at the transcriptional level. Our results suggest that exaptation by cis-regulatory divergence contributed to the evolution of QDR and support an infinitesimal model of QDR determinism. It provides resources for functional studies on gene regulation and QDR molecular bases across the Pentapetalae clade.

ORGANISM(S): Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Helianthus annuus Phaseolus vulgaris Ricinus communis

PROVIDER: GSE138039 | GEO | 2020/04/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: The biological control agent Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 is effective at protecting Brassica napus (canola) from the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via direct antagonism. Despite the growing importance of biocontrol bacteria in plant protection from fungal pathogens, little is known about how the host plant responds to bacterial priming on the leaf surface or about changes in gene activity genome-wide in the presence and absence of S. sclerotiorum. Results: PA23 priming of mature canola plants reduced the number of lesion forming petals by 90%. Global RNA sequencing of the host pathogen interface showed a reduction in the number of genes uniquely upregulated in response to S. sclerotiorum by 16-fold when pretreated with PA23. Upstream defense-related gene patterns suggest MAMP-triggered immunity via surface receptors detecting PA23 flagellin and peptidoglycans. Although systemic acquired resistance was induced in all treatment groups, a response centered around a glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)-mediated pathway was exclusively observed in plants treated with PA23 alone. Activation of these defense mechanisms by PA23 involved mild reactive oxygen species production as well as pronounced thylakoid membrane structures and plastoglobule formation in leaf chloroplasts. Conclusion: Further to the direct antibiosis that it exhibits towards the pathogen S. sclerotiorum, PA23 primes defense responses in the plant through the induction of unique local and systemic defense regulatory networks. This study has shed light on the potential effects of biocontrol agents applied to the plant phyllosphere. Understanding these interactions will aid in the development of biocontrol systems as a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in the protection of important crop systems. Mature canola leaf tissue treated with combinations of PA23 or S. sclerotiorum ascospores (3 treatment groups) was compared to a water treated control (all treatments done in triplicate).

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Global transcriptome of Helianthus annuus, Beta vulgaris, Ricinus communis and Phaseolus vulgaris healthy plants and plant infected by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (strain 1980)

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