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Endometrial Axin2+ cells drive epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, and develop endometrial cancer following oncogenic transformation

ABSTRACT: Summary: RNAseq analysis of Axin2+ and Axin2- endometrial epithelial cells shows that Axin2+ cells have a distinct gene expression profile compared to Axin2- cells. Methods: Four-week-old Axin2rtTA; tetOH2BJGFP mice (n=3) were ovariectomized. After 2 weeks of rest, H2BJGFP was induced in Axin2+ cells by a single dose of doxycycline administered intraperitoneally and uteri were collected 4 days post-doxycycline administration. Endometrial epithelial cells were isolated, digested into single cell suspension and Axin2+ (GFPhigh) and Axin2- (GFP-) cells were FACS sorted. The respective Axin2+ and Axin2- cells from each of the three mice used in this experiment were pooled together (Axin2- cells = C1, C2, C3; Axin2+ cells = M1, M2, M3, Arabic numeral represents the mouse number). Total RNA was isolated using RNeasy Micro kit (Qiagen) as per manufacturer instructions. RNA quality and concentration were determined using Nanodrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer. RNAseq profiles were generated using Illumina NovaSeq platform. The reads were mapped to the mouse genome (Build version mm10) using the STAR aligner (v2.5.3a) and differential gene expression analysis was performed using edgeR (version 3.22.5) tool. Results: Differential gene expression analysis using edgeR identified 4458 genes that were differentially expressed by more than twofold in the Axin2high population compared with Axin2- population. Several of these differentially expressed genes include some of the well-known stem cell markers.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE140222 | GEO | 2020/01/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Runx2 and Axin2 regulate skeletal development. We recently determined that Axin2 and Runx2 molecularly interact in differentiating osteoblasts to regulate intramembranous bone formation, but the relationship between these factors in endochondral bone formation was unresolved. To address this, we examined the effects of Axin2 deficiency on the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype of Runx2+/- mice, focusing on skeletal defects attributed to improper endochondral bone formation. Axin2 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated calvarial components of the CCD phenotype in the Runx2+/- mice; the endocranial layer of the frontal suture, which develops by endochondral bone formation, failed to mineralize in the Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-mice, resulting in a cartilaginous, fibrotic and larger fontanel than observed in Runx2+/- mice. Transcripts associated with cartilage development (e.g., Acan, miR140) were expressed at higher levels, whereas blood vessel morphogenesis transcripts (e.g., Slit2) were suppressed in Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-calvaria. Cartilage maturation was impaired, as primary chondrocytes from double mutant mice demonstrated delayed differentiation and produced less calcified matrix in vitro. The genetic dominance of Runx2 was also reflected during endochondral fracture repair, as both Runx2+/- and double mutant Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- mice had enlarged fracture calluses at early stages of healing. However, by the end stages of fracture healing, double mutant animals diverged from the Runx2+/- mice, showing smaller calluses and increased torsional strength indicative of more rapid end stage bone formation as seen in the Axin2-/- mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a dominant role for Runx2 in chondrocyte maturation, but implicate Axin2 as an important modulator of the terminal stages of endochondral bone formation. 4 mice per genotype X 4 genotypes: wildtype (WT), Runx2+/- (R-Het), Axin2-/- (A-KO), Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- (A-KO:R-Het). Total = 16 samples

Project description:Runx2 and Axin2 regulate skeletal development. We recently determined that Axin2 and Runx2 molecularly interact in differentiating osteoblasts to regulate intramembranous bone formation, but the relationship between these factors in endochondral bone formation was unresolved. To address this, we examined the effects of Axin2 deficiency on the cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) phenotype of Runx2+/-M-BM- mice, focusing on skeletal defects attributed to improper endochondral bone formation. Axin2 deficiency unexpectedly exacerbated calvarial components of the CCD phenotype in the Runx2+/-M-BM- mice; the endocranial layer of the frontal suture, which develops by endochondral bone formation, failed to mineralize in the Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-mice, resulting in a cartilaginous, fibrotic and larger fontanel than observed in Runx2+/-M-BM- mice. Transcripts associated with cartilage development (e.g., Acan, miR140) were expressed at higher levels, whereas blood vessel morphogenesis transcripts (e.g., Slit2) were suppressed in Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-calvaria. Cartilage maturation was impaired, as primary chondrocytes from double mutant mice demonstrated delayed differentiation and produced less calcified matrix in vitro. The genetic dominance of Runx2 was also reflected during endochondral fracture repair, as both Runx2+/-M-BM- and double mutant Axin2-/-:Runx2+/-M-BM- mice had enlarged fracture calluses at early stages of healing. However, by the end stages of fracture healing, double mutant animals diverged from the Runx2+/-M-BM- mice, showing smaller calluses and increased torsional strength indicative of more rapid end stage bone formation as seen in the Axin2-/-M-BM- mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate a dominant role for Runx2 in chondrocyte maturation, but implicate Axin2 as an important modulator of the terminal stages of endochondral bone formation. 4 mice per genotype X 4 genotypes: wildtype (WT), Runx2+/- (R-Het), Axin2-/- (A-KO), Axin2-/-:Runx2+/- (A-KO:R-Het). Total = 16 samples

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Endometrial Axin2+ cells drive epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, and develop endometrial cancer following oncogenic transformation

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