RNA sequencing of 1.8 female mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and XO subclones.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE142348 | GEO | 2021/03/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Dosage imbalance for X-chromosomal genes contributes to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. X-encoded inhibitors of the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway slow down development, increase levels of naive pluripotency factors, and decrease MAPK target gene expression. Through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach in murine embryonic stem cells(mESC) we have comprehensively identified X-linked genes that modulate MAPK signalling, pluripotency factor expression, and differentiation. Here, we carried out transcriptional profiling of the two top hits, Dusp9 and Klhl13, and observe that Klhl13 contributes more to the X-dosage induced transcriptome changes than Dusp9, and that a combined effect of both can explain about 50% of the observed sex differences.
2021-03-16 | GSE142349 | GEO
Project description:Dosage imbalance of X-chromosomal genes contributes to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. X-encoded inhibitors of the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway slow down development, increase levels of naive pluripotency factors and decrease MAPK target gene expression. Through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach in murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) we have comprehensively identified X-linked genes that modulate MAPK signalling, pluripotency factor expression and differentiation. We show that multiple genes act in concert to drive sex differences in mESC. Dusp9, a known negative regulator of the MAPK pathway alters phosphorylation of MAPK pathway intermediates in female cells, while Klhl13 underlies differences in pluripotency factor expression and differentiation by targeting differentiation-promoting factors for degradation. Klhl13 is a member of the Cullin 3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, where it acts as a substrate adaptor to target proteins for proteasomal degradation (Dhanoa et al., 2013). We reasoned that the Klhl13-mediated sex differences we have identified might be due to reduced protein abundance of Klhl13 substrate proteins in female compared to male cells, which affect pluripotency factors, differentiation and MAPK target gene expression. To identify Klhl13 substrates in mESCs, we comprehensively profiled Klhl13 interaction partners and then selected those with increased protein levels in K13-HOM mutant cells. To identify interaction partners, we ectopically expressed either full-length Klhl13 or the substrate-binding Kelch domain, tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP), and identified binding partners by Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS) using a GFP-specific antibody. These experiments were performed in female mESCs with a homozygous Klhl13 deletion. By using this approach, we identify Scml2 and Alg13 as Klhl13 substrates.
2021-03-18 | PXD016729 | Pride
Project description:Dosage imbalance of X-chromosomal genes contributes to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. X-encoded inhibitors of the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway slow down development, increase levels of naive pluripotency factors and decrease MAPK target gene expression. Through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach in murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) we have comprehensively identified X-linked genes that modulate MAPK signalling, pluripotency factor expression and differentiation. We show that multiple genes act in concert to drive sex differences in mESC. Dusp9, a known negative regulator of the MAPK pathway alters phosphorylation of MAPK pathway intermediates in female cells, while Klhl13 underlies differences in pluripotency factor expression and differentiation by targeting differentiation-promoting factors for degradation. Klhl13 is a member of the Cullin 3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, where it acts as a substrate adaptor to target proteins for proteasomal degradation (Dhanoa et al., 2013). We reasoned that the Klhl13-mediated sex differences we have identified might be due to reduced protein abundance of Klhl13 substrate proteins in female compared to male cells, which affect pluripotency factors, differentiation and MAPK target gene expression. To identify Klhl13 substrates in mESCs, we comprehensively profiled Klhl13 interaction partners and then selected those with increased protein levels in K13-HOM mutant cells. To identify interaction partners, we ectopically expressed either full-length Klhl13 or the substrate-binding Kelch domain, tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP), and identified binding partners by Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS) using a GFP-specific antibody. These experiments were performed in female mESCs with a homozygous Klhl13 deletion. By using this approach, we identify Scml2 and Alg13 as Klhl13 substrates.
2021-03-18 | PXD017875 | Pride
Project description:Dosage imbalance for X-chromosomal genes contributes to sex differences, in particular during early development, when both X chromosomes are active in females. X-encoded inhibitors of the differentiation-promoting MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway slow down development, increase levels of naive pluripotency factors, and decrease MAPK target gene expression. Through a hierarchical CRISPR screening approach in murine embryonic stem cells(mESC) we have comprehensively identified X-linked genes that modulate MAPK signalling, pluripotency factor expression, and differentiation.
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Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) efficiently produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, whereas conventional DCs (cDC) predominantly secrete high levels of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12. The molecular basis underlying this distinct phenotype is not well understood. Here, we identified the MAPK phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 by transcriptome analysis as selectively expressed in pDC, but not cDC. We confirmed the constitutive expression of Dusp9 at the protein level in pDC generated in vitro by culture with Flt3L and ex vivo in sorted splenic pDC. Dusp9 expression was low in B220- bone marrow precursors and was up-regulated during pDC differentiation, concomitant with established pDC markers. Higher expression of Dusp9 in pDC correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK1/2 upon TLR9 stimulation. Notably, Dusp9 was not expressed at detectable levels in human pDC, although these displayed similarly impaired activation of ERK1/2 MAPK compared to cDC. Enforced retroviral expression of Dusp9 in mouse GM-CSF-induced cDC increased the expression of TLR7/9-induced IL-12p40 and IFNwhereas IL-10 levels were diminished. Taken together, our results suggest that the species-specific, selective expression of Dusp9 in murine pDC contributes to the differential cytokine/interferon output of pDC and cDC. pDC and cDC subsets were purified from mouse spleens to high purity and analysed by Affymetrix GeneChips.
2015-06-26 | E-GEOD-54120 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Developmental genes are controlled by complex cis-regulatory landscapes that integrate multiple signals to ensure the correct spatio-temporal expression pattern. To investigate the underlying regulatory principles, we use the Xist locus as a model, which encodes the master regulator of X-chromosome inactivation. Xist is upregulated at the primed pluripotent state in a female-specific manner, thus integrating developmental cues and X-dosage information. It remains poorly understood how these signals are decoded by the ~800kb genomic region that controls Xist. While a series of repressive cis-regulatory elements have been identified, the distal enhancers that activate Xist transcription remain largely unknown. Here we use STARR-seq to profile enhancer activity within the X inactivation center at the onset of random X-chromosome inactivation.
2021-03-04 | GSE167355 | GEO
Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) efficiently produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to TLR7 and TLR9 ligands, whereas conventional DCs (cDC) predominantly secrete high levels of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12. The molecular basis underlying this distinct phenotype is not well understood. Here, we identified the MAPK phosphatase Dusp9/MKP-4 by transcriptome analysis as selectively expressed in pDC, but not cDC. We confirmed the constitutive expression of Dusp9 at the protein level in pDC generated in vitro by culture with Flt3L and ex vivo in sorted splenic pDC. Dusp9 expression was low in B220- bone marrow precursors and was up-regulated during pDC differentiation, concomitant with established pDC markers. Higher expression of Dusp9 in pDC correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK1/2 upon TLR9 stimulation. Notably, Dusp9 was not expressed at detectable levels in human pDC, although these displayed similarly impaired activation of ERK1/2 MAPK compared to cDC. Enforced retroviral expression of Dusp9 in mouse GM-CSF-induced cDC increased the expression of TLR7/9-induced IL-12p40 and IFNwhereas IL-10 levels were diminished. Taken together, our results suggest that the species-specific, selective expression of Dusp9 in murine pDC contributes to the differential cytokine/interferon output of pDC and cDC.
2015-06-26 | GSE54120 | GEO
Project description:Blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and gonad-derived embryonic germ cells (EGCs) represent two classic types of pluripotent cell lines, yet their molecular equivalence remains incompletely understood. Here, we compare genome-wide methylation patterns between isogenic ESC and EGC lines to define epigenetic similarities and differences. Surprisingly, we find that sex rather than cell type drives methylation patterns in ESCs and EGCs. Cell fusion experiments further reveal that the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes dictates methylation levels, with female hybrids being hypomethylated and male hybrids being hypermethylated. We show that the X-linked MAPK phosphatase DUSP9 is upregulated in female compared to male ESCs, and its heterozygous loss in female ESCs leads to male-like methylation levels. However, male and female blastocysts are similarly hypomethylated, indicating that sex-specific methylation differences arise in culture. Collectively, our data demonstrate the epigenetic similarity of sex-matched ESCs and EGCs and identify DUSP9 as a regulator of female-specific hypomethylation.
2017-04-12 | GSE68733 | GEO
Project description:Blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and gonad-derived embryonic germ cells (EGCs) represent two classic types of pluripotent cell lines, yet their molecular equivalence remains incompletely understood. Here, we compare genome-wide methylation patterns between isogenic ESC and EGC lines to define epigenetic similarities and differences. Surprisingly, we find that sex rather than cell type drives methylation patterns in ESCs and EGCs. Cell fusion experiments further reveal that the ratio of X-chromosomes to autosomes dictates methylation levels, with female hybrids being hypomethylated and male hybrids being hypermethylated. We show that the X-linked MAPK phosphatase DUSP9 is upregulated in female compared to male ESCs, and its heterozygous loss in female ESCs leads to male-like methylation levels. Notably, male and female blastocysts are similarly hypomethylated, indicating that sex-specific methylation differences arise in culture. Collectively, our data demonstrate the epigenetic similarity of sex-matched ESCs and EGCs and identify DUSP9 as a regulator of female-specific hypomethylation.
2017-05-18 | GSE94481 | GEO
Project description:During early mammalian development, the two X-chromosomes in female cells are active. Dosage compensation between XX female and XY male cells is then achieved by X-chromosome inactivation in female cells. Reprogramming female mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) leads to X-chromosome reactivation. The extent to which increased X-chromosome dosage (X-dosage) in female iPSCs leads to differences in the molecular and cellular properties of XX and XY iPSCs is still unclear. We show that chromatin accessibility in mouse iPSCs is modulated by X-dosage. Specific sets of transcriptional regulator motifs are enriched in chromatin with increased accessibility in XX or XY iPSCs. We show that the transcriptome, growth and pluripotency exit are also modulated by X-dosage in iPSCs. To understand the mechanisms by which increased X-dosage modulates the molecular and cellular properties of mouse pluripotent stem cells, we used heterozygous deletions of the X-linked gene Dusp9 in XX embryonic stem cells. We show that X-dosage regulates the transcriptome, open chromatin landscape, growth and pluripotency exit largely independently of global DNA methylation. Our results uncover new insights into X-dosage in pluripotent stem cells, providing principles of how gene dosage modulates the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms regulating cell identity.
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