Photoperiodic time-series mRNASeq assays of the sheep pars tuberalis
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Ovis aries
PROVIDER: GSE144677 | GEO | 2020/02/04
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Photoperiodism represents the biological response to annual day-length changes, driving seasonal changes in physiology. We aimed to determine if there was an epigenetic component to photoperiodism. We identify photoperiod-dependent epigenetic regulation of transcription, which facilitates the circadian transcription factor drive on long day physiology.
2020-01-31 | GSE144515 | GEO
Project description:Living organisms detect seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod), and alter their physiological functions accordingly, to fit seasonal environmental changes. This photoperiodic system is implicated in seasonal affective disorders and the season-associated symptoms observed in bipolar disease and schizophrenia. Thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit (Tshb), induced in the pars tuberalis (PT), plays a key role in the pathway that regulates animal photoperiodism. However, the upstream inducers of Tshb expression remain unknown. Here we show that late-night light stimulation acutely triggers the Eya3-Six1 pathway, which directly induces Tshb expression. Using melatonin-proficient CBA/N mice, which preserve the photoperiodic Tshb-expression response, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis of the PT under chronic short-day and long-day conditions. These data comprehensively identified long-day and short-day genes, and indicated that late-night light stimulation induces long-day genes. We verified this by advancing and extending the light period by 8 hours, which acutely induced Tshb expression, within one day. In a genome-wide expression analysis under this condition, we searched for candidate upstream genes by looking for expression that preceded Tshb’s, and identified Eya3 gene. These results elucidate the comprehensive transcriptional photoperiodic response in the PT, revealing the complex regulation of Tshb expression and unexpectedly rapid response to light changes in the mammalian photoperiodic system.
2010-12-02 | GSE24775 | GEO
Project description:Living organisms detect seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod), and alter their physiological functions accordingly, to fit seasonal environmental changes. This photoperiodic system is implicated in seasonal affective disorders and the season-associated symptoms observed in bipolar disease and schizophrenia. Thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit (Tshb), induced in the pars tuberalis (PT), plays a key role in the pathway that regulates animal photoperiodism. However, the upstream inducers of Tshb expression remain unknown. Here we show that late-night light stimulation acutely triggers the Eya3-Six1 pathway, which directly induces Tshb expression. Using melatonin-proficient CBA/N mice, which preserve the photoperiodic Tshb-expression response, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis of the PT under chronic short-day and long-day conditions. These data comprehensively identified long-day and short-day genes, and indicated that late-night light stimulation induces long-day genes. We verified this by advancing and extending the light period by 8 hours, which acutely induced Tshb expression, within one day. In a genome-wide expression analysis under this condition, we searched for candidate upstream genes by looking for expression that preceded Tshb’s, and identified Eya3 gene. These results elucidate the comprehensive transcriptional photoperiodic response in the PT, revealing the complex regulation of Tshb expression and unexpectedly rapid response to light changes in the mammalian photoperiodic system. Mice were separated into 2 groups. One group was maintained under the short-day conditions (light: dark = 8 h:16 h, ZT0 = lights on, ZT8 = lights off, 400 lux) and the other was housed under long-day conditions (light:dark = 16 h:8 h, ZT0 = lights on, ZT16 = lights off, 400 lux) for 2 weeks. The PTs of both groups were retrieved every 4 h for 1 day (6 time points for each group), starting at ZT0. For the experiments performed during the first day of the long-day conditions, we applied two different conditions, following 3 weeks under short-day conditions. In one, the light-onset was advanced by 8 hours (advance condition), and in the other, the dark period was delayed by 8 hours (delay condition). PTs from both groups were obtained every 4 h for 1 day, starting at the lights-on time. (Lights on for the advance condition was ZT16 as defined by the short-day condition. Lights on for the delay condition was ZT0). We sampled 25 mice at each time point. This whole procedure was repeated twice (n = 2) to obtain experimental replicates.
2010-12-02 | E-GEOD-24775 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Persistent free-running circannual (circa 1-year) rhythms have evolved in animals to regulate hormone cycles and time annual reproduction. In mammals, these are synchronized by environmental photoperiod and the melatonin signal. Long summer-like photoperiods (LP) activates thyrotrophs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) expression in the melatonin target tissue, the pars tuberalis (PT) region of the pituitary gland, driven by the transcriptional co-activator EYA3. TSH in turn stimulates thyroid hormone (TH) conversion in hypothalamic ependymal tanycytes, thus timing breeding seasons. In contrast to our new knowledge defining photoperiodic input, it is still not known which cells, tissues and pathways generate the underlying circannual cycle. We used seasonal sheep to characterise the circannual cycle, transferring animals from short winter-like photoperiods (SP) to prolonged LP conditions, and assaying prolactin to track circannual phase in individual animals. Using RNA-seq, we profiled PT cells at different phases of the circannual cycle, and defined extensive changes of cellular-remodeling pathways and genes encoding synaptic guidance proteins in the PT.
2015-10-09 | GSE65475 | GEO
Project description:Persistent free-running circannual (circa 1-year) rhythms have evolved in animals to regulate hormone cycles and time annual reproduction. In mammals, these are synchronized by environmental photoperiod and the melatonin signal. Long summer-like photoperiods (LP) activates thyrotrophs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) expression in the melatonin target tissue, the pars tuberalis (PT) region of the pituitary gland, driven by the transcriptional co-activator EYA3. TSH in turn stimulates thyroid hormone (TH) conversion in hypothalamic ependymal tanycytes, thus timing breeding seasons. In contrast to our new knowledge defining photoperiodic input, it is still not known which cells, tissues and pathways generate the underlying circannual cycle. We used seasonal sheep to characterise the circannual cycle, transferring animals from short winter-like photoperiods (SP) to prolonged LP conditions, and assaying prolactin to track circannual phase in individual animals. Using RNA-seq, we profiled PT cells at different phases of the circannual cycle, and defined extensive changes of cellular-remodeling pathways and genes encoding synaptic guidance proteins in the PT.
2015-10-09 | GSE65900 | GEO
Project description:To understand the mechanisms of sexual behaviour in rams, transcriptomic sequencing technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in key brain tissues We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of hypothalamus (HT), pars tuberalis (PT) and pineal gland (PG) in rams with different sexual behaviours
2022-11-08 | GSE204861 | GEO
Project description:The pars tuberalis (PT) is a distinct subdivision of the anterior pituitary gland that plays a central role in regulating seasonal prolactin release. In sheep, there is compelling evidence that seasonal changes in light, transformed into a melatonin signal, are interpreted by the PT to modulate the release of a factor which affects prolactin release. The identity of this factor(s) is unknown but has been preemptively called 'tuberalin'. In the present study, we report on an initial immunocytochemical investigation where we have identified that many ovine PT cells are immunoreactive for the tachykinin substance P (SP). Few cells in the pars distalis immunoreact for SP. The SP-immunoreactive cells did not colocalize with beta-luteinizing hormone. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of preprotachykinin A mRNA in the PT. We hypothesize that SP, and possibly other preprotachykinin A-derived tachykinins, may play a role in the seasonal regulation of prolactin secretion in sheep.
| S-EPMC3141346 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The intestinal peptide guanylin regulates the electrolyte/water transport in the gastrointestinal epithelium by paracrine/luminocrine mechanisms. Because guanylin also circulates in the blood, we investigated the rat hypothalamo-pituitary region for expression and cellular localization of this peptide. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses with guanylin-specific primers revealed expression of the peptide in the pars tuberalis and pars distalis of the pituitary. Western blotting analyses in hypophyseal tissue extracts identified the expected 12.5-kDa immunoreactive peptide by using two different region-specific guanylin antisera. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with the same antisera localized guanylin in "pars tuberalis-specific cells" in the juxtaneural pars tuberalis adjacent to nerve endings and blood vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system and in gonadotrophic cells within the distal pars tuberalis and ventrolateral part of the pars distalis. The presence and cell-specific localization of guanylin within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system indicate that this peptide may be specifically involved in paracrine and endocrine regulatory mechanisms.
| S-EPMC15545 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pituitary pars tuberalis (PT) is the regulating center of seasonal reproduction, which can sense the melatonin signal and eventually cause downstream changes of GnRH secretion through TSHβ. Recently, lncRNAs have been identified in animal reproductive-related tissues, and they play important roles in reproductive regulation. Therefore, in this study, we expect to identify photoperiod-induced lncRNAs and genes in pituitary PT of sheep by comparison of expression profiles between short photoperiod (SP) and long photoperiod (LP). Through RNA-Seq, a total of 55,472 lncRNAs were identified in pituitary PT of Sunite ewes. The number of differentially expressed (DE) genes and lncRNAs between SP and LP increased gradually with the extension of LP (from LP7 to LP42). The notable LP-induced candidate genes included EYA3, TSHB, SIX1, DCT, VMO1, AREG, SUV39H2, and EZH2, and SP-induced genes involved ENSOARG00000012585, CHGA, FOS, SOCS3, and TH. In enriched pathways for DE genes and lncRNA target genes between SP and LP, the reproduction- and circadian-related pathways were highlighted. In addition, the interactome analysis of lncRNAs and their targets implied that MSTRG.209166 and its trans-target TSHB, MSTRG.288068 and its cis-target SIX1, and ENSOARG00000026131 and its cis-target TH might participate in regulation of seasonal reproduction. Together, these results will help to determine important photoperiod-induced lncRNAs and genes and give us some new insights into the epigenetic regulation of seasonal reproduction in sheep.
| S-EPMC8369575 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: High-throughput sequencing technology were used to explore transcriptional changes in the PT and the HT tissues during follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of estrus cycle, and anestrus phase in seasonal ewes. Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis (RT-qPCR) were performed to evaluate the reliability of our RNA-seq results. Methods: The PT and HT transcriptomes of 21 Rasa Aragonesa ewes (7 for each phase and tissue) were generated by Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 platform. The reads were trimmed with Trimmomatic. HISAT2were used to align lean reads to the ovine reference genome Texel Oar_v3.1 Texel Oar_v3.1 followed by samtools to be converted and sorted to bam files. StringTie was used to assemble transcripts and quantify RNA-seq. Differential gene expression were mesured using DESeq2 package in R. RT-qPCR validation of 5 housekeeping genes and 16 DEGs was performed using SYBR Premix Ex Taq II and an ABI Prism 7500 platform running the samples in triplicate. Results: RNA sequencing of HT and PT generated pproximately, 834 and 874 million paired-end reads respectively from 42 libraries (21 from each tissue). On average, the overall alignment rate to reference genome was 90%.69% of all the clean reads were uniquely mapped to the reference genome. 18895 and 18960 genes (with nonzero total read count) were expressed in PT and HT, respectively. In HT, 72 and 3 DEGs were found (p_adjusted<0.05) in the comparisons between F vs A and L vs A phases, respectively. In PT, 6, 4 and 14 DE genes were found in the comparisons F vs A, L vs A and L vs F phases, respectively. The RPL19 and RPL32 were the housekeeping genes most stable for the HT whereas the B2M and RPL27 genes were the most stable for PT. With qRT-PCR analysis, Thirteen genes from the twenty analyzed were validated confirming the reliability of our RNA-seq data. Conclusions: Reliability of RNA-seq results was validated by qRT-PCR suggesting that the results of the RNA-seq experiments were efficient and accurate. These findings showed significant possible roles of these candidate genes in regulation of seasonal reproduction and in the reproductive stages. This study affords a basic data for future research to understand, more in depth, the molecular mechanism that take place during seasonal reproduction.
2022-12-15 | GSE191213 | GEO