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M6A methylation regulates the fate of endogenous retrovirus transcripts [RIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Using a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screening in mouse embryonic stem cells, we identify m6A RNA methylation as an important regulatory component that restricts the activity of endogenous retroviruses of the IAP (intracisternal A-particles) family. The m6A methylation of IAP mRNAs occurs on their 5’ end, is catalyzed by the complex of methyltransferase-like (METTL)3/METTL14 proteins whose depletion, along with other complex subunits, namely WTAP and ZC3H13, leads to increased IAP transcript abundance. Using auxin-dependent degron, we show that rapid removal of METTL3, METTL14 and ZC3H13 further increases IAP RNA abundance in a progressive and reversible fashion. Finally, we demonstrate that m6A RNA reduces the stability of IAP transcripts

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE145315 | GEO | 2020/04/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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m6A methylation regulates the fate of endogenous retrovirus transcripts [CUT & RUN]

Project description:Using a genome-scale CRISPR knockout screening in mouse embryonic stem cells, we identify m6A RNA methylation as an important regulatory component that restricts the activity of endogenous retroviruses of the IAP (intracisternal A-particles) family. The m6A methylation of IAP mRNAs occurs on their 5’ end, is catalyzed by the complex of methyltransferase-like (METTL)3/METTL14 proteins whose depletion, along with other complex subunits, namely WTAP and ZC3H13, leads to increased IAP transcript abundance. Using auxin-dependent degron, we show that rapid removal of METTL3, METTL14 and ZC3H13 further increases IAP RNA abundance in a progressive and reversible fashion. Finally, we demonstrate that m6A RNA reduces the stability of IAP transcripts

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m6A methylation regulates the fate of endogenous retrovirus transcripts [RNA-seq]

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m6A methylation regulates the fate of endogenous retrovirus transcripts [CRISPR/Cas9]

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A novel RNA m6A modulator Zc3h13 plays an anchor role in facilitating nuclear RNA methylation and mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant modification in eukaryotic mRNA, regulating mRNA dynamics by influencing mRNA stability, splicing, export and translation. Recent studies discovered m6A methyltransferases (?writer?), demethylases (?eraser?) and binding proteins (?reader?), which modulate m6A methylation. However, the precise m6A regulating machinery still remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that ZC3H13, a zinc finger protein, plays an essential role in modulating m6A methylation on polyadenylated RNA in the nucleus. ZC3H13 exists in an evolutionary-conserved macromolecular complex containing WTAP, Virilizer and Hakai. We confirm the interaction among those proteins and demonstrate that knockdown of Zc3h13 in mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) significantly decreases global m6A level on mRNA, mainly at 3? untranslated regions (3? UTR). Interestingly, fractionation assays show that upon Zc3h13 knockdown a great majority of WTAP, Virilizer and Hakai translocate to the cytoplasm and the nuclear presence of the methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 also decrease significantly. In contrast, knockdown of WTAP, Virilizer or Hakai does not change the nuclear localization of Zc3h13. This suggests that Zc3h13 is required for nuclear localization of the Zc3h13-WTAP-Virilizer-Hakai complex, which is important for RNA m6A methylation. Finally, Zc3h13 depletion, as does WTAP, Virilizer or Hakai, impairs self-renewal and triggers mESC differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Zc3h13 plays an essential role in anchoring WTAP, Virilizer and Hakai in the nucleus to facilitate m6A methylation and to regulate mESC self-renewal.

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Profiling of N6-methyladenosine in HepG2 cells: SETD2, METTL3, METTL14 or WTAP knockdown and control cells

Project description:SETD2 is the specific methyltransferase of H3K36me3, while METTL3, METTL14 and WTAP are the components of m6A methyltransferase complex. To understand the global effect of H3K36me3 on m6A modification, we compared the m6A profiling in SETD2 and METTL3, METTL14 or WTAP knockdown HepG2 cells, and found depletion of H3K36me3 by SETD2 silencing globally reduced m6A in human transcriptome. What’s more, most of the SETD2-dependent hypomethylation sites also responded to knockdown of METTL3, METTL14, or WTAP.

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VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation

Project description:N6-methyadenosine (m6A) is enriched in 3`UTR (3` untranslated region) and near stop codon of mature polyadenylated mRNAs in mammalian systems and has regulatory roles in eukaryotic mRNA transcriptome switch. Significantly, the mechanism for this modification preference remains unknown, however. Herein we report a characterization of the full m6A methyltransferase complex in HeLa cells identifying METTL3/METTL14/WTAP/VIRMA/HAKAI/ZC3H13 as the key components, and we show that VIRMA mediates preferential mRNA methylation in 3`UTR and near stop codon. Biochemical studies reveal that VIRMA recruits the catalytic core components METTL3/METTL14/WTAP to guide region-selective methylations. Around 60% of VIRMA mRNA immunoprecipitation targets manifest strong m6A enrichment in 3`UTR. Depletions of VIRMA and METTL3 induce 3`UTR lengthening of several hundred mRNAs with over 50% targets in common. VIRMA associates with polyadenylation cleavage factors CPSF5 and CPSF6 in an RNA-dependent manner. Depletion of CPSF5 leads to significant shortening of 3`UTR of over 2,800 mRNAs, 84% of which are modified with m6A. Together our studies provide insights into m6A deposition specificity in 3`UTR and its correlation with alternative polyadenylation.

2018-03-07 | GSE102493 | GEO

ZC3H13 and WTAP KO in hMDMs multi stimuli(NGS5421)

Project description:Here, we revealed an immunosuppressive role of m6A mediated by ZC3H13 and WTAP on TNF-driven inflammatory phenotype in human macrophages. In the following experiment we would like to investigate if the negative regulatory role of m6A is consistent across multiple stimuli using innate ligands (LPS, R848 and polyIC). We generated ZC3H13 KOs, WTAP KOs and NTC (WT) in monocyte-derived macrophages from 4 individual human donors and stimulated cells over night with LPS (5ng/ml) , R848 (50ng/ml) , polyIC (50ng/ml) and unstimulated cells as control. This yielded a total of 48 total samples.

2024-08-14 | GSE268352 | GEO

Structural insights into regulatory mechanism of RNA modification by human m6A-METTL associated complex

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant ribonucleotide modification among the eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The m6A “writer” is composed of an m6A-METTL complex (MAC), the catalytic subunit, and an m6A-METTL associated complex (MACOM), the regulatory subunit essential for the enzymatic activity. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of MACOM at 3.0-Å resolution, uncovering that WTAP and VIRMA form the core structure of MACOM and ZC3H13 stretches the conformation by binding VIRMA. The lower 4.4-Å resolution cryo-EM datamap of MACOM in complex with MAC, in combination with crosslinking mass spectrometry and GST-pulldown analysis, elucidates a plausible model of the m6A writer complex, in which MACOM binds MAC mainly through WTAP and METTL3 interaction and both components directly contact with RNA substrates revealed by 4-thiouridine-labeled RNA crosslinking analysis. This work establishes the possible assembly mechanism of MACOM and MAC as an active m6A writer for RNA substrate recognition and modification.

2022-06-23 | PXD028456 |

Widespread N6-methyladenosine-dependent RNA Structural Switches Regulate RNA-Protein Interactions

Project description:We show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in mRNA/lncRNA with still poorly characterized function, alters RNA structure to facilitate the access of RBM for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C). We term this mechanism m6A-switch. Through combining PAR-CLIP with Me-RIP, we identify 39,060 m6A-switches among hnRNP C binding sites transcriptome-wide. We show that m6A-methyltransferases METTL3 or METTL14 knockdown decreases hnRNP C binding at 16,582 m6A-switches. Taken together, 2,798 m6A-switches of high confidence are identified to mediate RNA-hnRNP C interactions and affect diverse biological processes including cell cycle regulation. These findings reveal the biological importance of m6A and provide insights into the sophisticated regulation of RNA-RBP interactions through m6A-induced RNA structural remodeling. Measure the m6A methylated hnRNP C binding sites transcriptome-wide by PARCLIP-MeRIP; measure the differential hnRNP C occupancies upon METTL3/METTL14 knockdown by PAR-CLIP; measure RNA abundance and splicing level changes upon HNRNPC, METTL3 and METTL14 knockdown

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LC-MS/MS analysis of co-immunoprecipitation products of METTL3

Project description:N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNA by the methyltransferase complex (MTC), with core components including METTL3-METTL14 heterodimers and Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), contributes to breast tumorigenesis, but the mechanism of MTC assembly remains elusive. Here, we identify a novel cleaved form METTL3a (residues 239-580 of METTL3), that is highly expressed in breast cancer. Furthermore, we find that both METTL3a and full-length METTL3 are required for MTC assembly, RNA m6A deposition, as well as cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we find that METTL3a is required for METTL3-METTL3 interaction, which is a prerequisite step for recruitment of WTAP in MTC assembly. Analysis of m6A sequencing data shows that depletion of METTL3a globally disrupts m6A methylation, and METTL3a mediates mTOR activation via m6A-mediated suppression of TMEM127 expression. Consequently, we find that METTL3 cleavage is mediated by proteasome in an mTOR-dependent manner, revealing positive regulatory feedback between METTL3a and mTOR signaling. Our findings reveal METTL3a as an important component for MTC assembly, and suggest the METTL3a-mTOR axis as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

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