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MRNA microarray analysis of murine CTL EVs separated by ion exchange method [mRNA]

ABSTRACT: EVs in culture supernatant can be concentrated with removing exsomeres and 97% free proteins by MWCO 750 kDa UF. DEAE chromatography can be divided into bioactive EXO and other EVs as nucleic acid (DNA) cargo in UF-concentrated EVs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE146815 | GEO | 2020/03/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: Extracellular vescicles (EVs) of uterine origin have recently been identified, but they are not comprised by current diagnostics on endometrial receptivity. In order to test the possibility to use EVs as biomarker reservoirs for non-invasive monitoring of the endometrial status, we defined two experimental designs: in step a) we aimed at assessing the concordance between the transcriptome of endometrial tissue and uterine fluid-derived EVs (UF-EVs); in step b) we aimed at unraveling the transcriptomic profile of UF-EVs released during the receptive phase and associated with successful implantation Methods: RNAseq analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from a) endometrial biopsies and UF-EVs concomitantly collected from regularly cycling women; b) UF-EVs collected in the pre-receptive (LH+2) versus the receptive (LH+7) phase of provenly fertile women and in the receptive phase (LH+7) of women undergoing assisted reproduction and transfer of an euploid blastocyst. In the latter group, the outcomes of the following embryo transfer attempt were recorded, in order to compare the transcriptomic profile of women with successful versus failed implantation. Differential Gene Expression (DGE) and Gene Set Enrichment (GSEA) analyses were performed. Results: In the first experimental design, a highly significant correlation was found between the transcriptional profiles of endometrial tissue biopsies and corresponding UF-EVs (r=0.71 p<0.001; ρ=0.65 p<0.001). In the second experimental design, using a large group of 73 samples, 16,777 genes were overall found to be expressed in UF-EVs. Of these, DGE analysis showed that 942 were up-regulated and 1,305 down-regulated during the receptive phase in women with proven fertility and 97 were up-regulated and 64 down-regulated during the receptive phase of women achieving successful implantation versus women failing to achieve pregnancy in the subsequent cycle. 41 genes had a statistically significant different expression in both comparisons. We additionally tested wether transcripts used by current endometrial receptivity tests based on endometrial biopsies (Endometrial Receptivity Assay, ERA test) could also be detected in UF-EVs: out of 238 ERA test gene data-set, GSEA highlighted 219 genes with similar transcriptional profile in UF-EVs. We then performed another comparison adding the list of genes consisting of the ‘metasignature’ transcriptome derived from the published meta-analysis of endometrial receptivity associated transcripts, comprising 57 genes. This last intersection identified 38 genes expressed in UF-EVs that i) show differential expression with the same transcriptional profile (same trends) in both EVs and ERA test assay; ii) belong to the leading edge of genes with the most significant enrichment score in our analysis; iii) are identified as receptivity-associated genes by the current meta-analysis on endometrial transcriptome. Conclusions: This is the first study showing the capacity of UF-EVs to reflect the endometrial tissue transcriptional status and to establish a signature of genes expressed in UF-EVs that might serve as putative biomarkers for non-invasive endometrial receptivity tests.

Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exert important functions in the extracellular space and in cell-to-cell communication. Ultracentrifugation, the most frequently used EV isolation technique, requires specialized equipment and provides relatively low purity and yield. A more recently applied and easily accessible EV isolation technique is size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Here, we hypothesized that EVs isolated from dilute cell culture media by concentration on a 10 kDa filter followed by SEC are suitable for proteomic and functional studies. We also hypothesized that the protein-rich SEC fractions are suitable controls to assess biological effects of the non-EV associated secretome. Cell-depleted medium from BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells (60 ml) was 0.22 µm filtered, concentrated to 0.5 ml by 10 kDa UF and run over a sepharose CL-4B column. Fractions were assessed for protein and EV content. EV-rich and protein-rich fractions were concentrated by 10 kDa UF. EV concentrates were characterized by tuneable resistive pulse sensing, cryo transmission electron microscopy and nanoLC-MS/MS. Finally, we assessed the effect of EVs or free secreted protein from unexposed cells or cells exposed to 1% (v/v) cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-8 release by naïve BEAS-2B cells or on adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells. UF concentrated the EVs with approximately 100% recovery. Most of EVs eluted in SEC fractions 6-11, while protein became detectable at fraction 12. The final EV recovery was 40 ± 4%, as compared to 27 ± 8% by ultracentrifugation. Mass Spectrometry of the EV fractions identified 388 different proteins, including various EV markers. Only the protein, but not the EV fractions from media of CSE-exposed cells induced IL-8 release by naïve bronchial epithelial cells, whereas only EVs, but not the protein fractions induced THP-1 adhesion to endothelial cells. Thus, UF followed by SEC provides EV isolates with sufficient yield and purity for proteomic studies and allows directly comparing the functional effects of EVs and the non-EV associated secretome.

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MRNA microarray analysis of murine CTL EVs separated by ion exchange method [mRNA]

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