Project description:Nasal cavity is the main gateway for pathogen infection although it composed of many layers of defending barriers. Pathogens strongly willing to enter and infect from nasal cavity with the dominant form aerosol or respiratory droplets. However, the underlying mechanism of virus nasal infection and transmission are still unknown. Hence, a better understanding of this mechanism may provide insight into the pathogenesis of virus. In this study, IBDV was select as a model virus to study nasal infection and transmission for it could infect chicken from head (nasal) to tail (basal) and lead to massive destruction of bursal IgM+ B-lymphocytes. Initially, we found IBDV mostly entered and infected the interior of chicken’s nasal, where full of lymphoid tissue and easily for virus to transfer into blood. After passing nasal barriers, IBDV was subsequently transmit into blood and infected PBMCs. Following blood circulates, IBDV then infected bursal and hugely destroyed B-lymphocytes. However, the mechanism of how IBDV influenced the bursal cells, especially how virus destroyed B-lymphocytes were still unclear. With the help of single cells RNA sequence, we identified five vigorous clusters, including three immune cells types (B-cells: 64.70%, dendritic cells: 3.32% and T-cells: 6.33%) and two non-immune cell types (epithelial cells: 23.86% and fibroblast cells: 1.80% cells). Further analyses found that B-cells population were serious damaged, especially IgM+ B cells. However, the IgA+ B cells population hugely increased after IBDV infection. Interesting, we first demonstrated that basal cells and other non-immune cells in Bursa of Fabricius (BF) were the main target for IBDV infection and replication. Together, our study not only comprehensive elaborated the airborne IBDV and its transmission via intranasal route into the BF, but also explained its distribution in different immune and nonimmune cells and immunoglobulins rearrangement after immunosuppressive disorder on an age dependent infected organ.

Project description:Chicken infectious anaemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV). Due to immunosuppression, the disease is often leads to mixed infections and secondary infections, exacerbating viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, which can be highly detrimental. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the immune genes involved in regulating CIAV infection. In this study, comprehensive transcriptome sequencing was employed to determine the expression levels of regulated immune genes including mRNAs, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in CIAV-infected MDCC-MSB1 cells. A total of 2590 differentially expressed genes were identified in CIAV-infected MDCC-MSB1 cells, of which 526 were up-regulated. There were 539 differentially expressed mRNAs, including 166 up-regulated mRNAs, 38 differentially expressed microRNAs, including 22 up-regulated microRNAs, 1957 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 295 up-regulated lncRNAs, and 56 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 43 up-regulated circRNAs. Subsequently, we selected the top 20 significantly up-regulated differentially expressed genes (GEM, ODF1, ARHGEF12, DOC2B, ZP2, gga-miR-1306-5p_L-1R-2, gga-miR-6615-3p, gga-mir-3535-p5, gga-miR-726-5p_1ss4AG, gga-miR-458a-3p, ENSGALG00010010181, ENSGALG00010002366, ENSGALG00010019353, ENSGALG00010029120, ENSGALG00010026718, circMAP3K5, ENSGALG00010015867, circGALNT1, circMCTP2, circPTEN) among the 526 up-regulated differentially expressed genes for Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and we found that those 20 genes were significantly enriched in key pathways such as apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. qRT-PCR was used to further verify the accuracy of RNA sequencing at the transcriptional level. In summary, this study provides a theoretical foundation for future prevention and control strategies against CIAV, while further investigation is required to elucidate the functions and mechanisms underlying these significantly differentially expressed genes.

Dataset Information

MicroRNA Expression Study of chicken CD3-28-4+ intraepithelial lymphocyte natural killer cells infected with very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Dataset's files

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets