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RNA-seq from human hepatic stellate cells treated with GIPC shRNA reveals contribution of GIPC to hepatic fibrosis

ABSTRACT: Background and Aims: Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) induced activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and their transformation to myofibroblasts is a key event in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. GIPC (also referred to as synectin) is a downstream signal activation molecule of TGF-β and other receptors. In this study, we sought to identify novel genes targeted by TGF-β and GIPC and elucidate if and how they may contribute to liver fibrosis. Methods and Results: We performed sequential mRNA sequencing analysis on TGF-β stimulated HSC and then on TGF-β-stimulated HSC in presence and absence of GIPC knockdown. IGFBP-3, an insulin growth factor transport protein, emerged as a top activation target of both TGF-β and GIPC, which was confirmed by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot (WB) analysis. Targeted chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that GIPC increases the histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation activating mark and concurrently decreases the H3K27 inhibitory trimethylation (H3K27m3) mark providing an epigenetic correlate to the gene regulation changes. In vivo, global knockout of IGFBP-3 mice resulted in attenuation of HSC activation markers and attenuation of portal pressure in response to chronic liver injury models. Analysis of serum levels from cirrhotic patients also showed IGFBP-3 increase of more than 2-fold compared to healthy controls. Finally, in vitro mechanism studies revealed that IGFBP-3 promotes HSC migration through integrin dependent phosphorylation of AKT. Conclusion: TGF-β upregulates IGFBP-3 through GIPC leading to increased HSC migration in vitro and promotes portal hypertension in vivo. These studies support the role of IGFBP-3 as a potential pathophysiologic target or biomarker in chronic liver disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE151250 | GEO | 2020/05/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:During chronic liver disease, tissue remodeling leads to dramatic changes and accumulation of matrix components. Matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors have been involved in the regulation of matrix degradation. However, the role of other proteases remains incompletely defined. We undertook a gene-expression screen of human liver fibrosis samples using a dedicated gene array selected for relevance to protease activities, identifying the ADAMTS1 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase [ADAM] with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1) gene as an important node of the protease network. Up-regulation of ADAMTS1 in fibrosis was found to be associated with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. ADAMTS1 is synthesized as 110-kDa latent forms and is processed by HSCs to accumulate as 87-kDa mature forms in fibrotic tissues. Structural evidence has suggested that the thrombospondin motif-containing domain from ADAMTS1 may be involved in interactions with, and activation of, the major fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Indeed, we observed direct interactions between ADAMTS1 and latency-associated peptide-TGF-β (LAP-TGF-β). ADAMTS1 induces TGF-β activation through the interaction of the ADAMTS1 KTFR peptide with the LAP-TGF-β LKSL peptide. Down-regulation of ADAMTS1 in HSCs decreases the release of TGF-β competent for transcriptional activation, and KTFR competitor peptides directed against ADAMTS1 block the HSC-mediated release of active TGF-β. Using a mouse liver fibrosis model, we show that carbon tetrachloride treatment induces ADAMTS1 expression in parallel to that of type I collagen. Importantly, concurrent injection of the KTFR peptide prevents liver damage. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that up-regulation of ADAMTS1 in HSCs constitutes a new mechanism for control of TGF-β activation in chronic liver disease. Total RNA from 32 patients with hepatic fibrosis associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n=15) or alcohol abuse (n=17) versus a common pooled control liver sample, inverting the cy3 and cy5 labelling for each sample.

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RNA-seq from human hepatic stellate cells treated with GIPC shRNA reveals contribution of GIPC to hepatic fibrosis

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