Targeting Smyd3 by antisense oligonucleotides attenuates liver tumor growth
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE153077 | GEO | 2020/06/24
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Targeting Smyd3 by antisense oligonucleotides attenuates liver tumor growth
| PRJNA641395 | ENA
Project description:SET and MYND-domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3) mediates epigenetic repression of type I IFN response genes in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative HNSCC cells, and Smyd3 depletion using anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs) increases the sensitivity of syngeneic mouse oral carcinoma (MOC1) models to anti-PD-1 therapy. In this study, we interrogated the effects ASO-induced Smyd3 depletion in the cancer and immune cell populations, as well as the global changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of MOC1 tumors treated with Smyd3 ASOs and anti-PD-1. Single-cell RNA-seq of MOC1 tumors treated with Smyd3 ASOs revealed enrichment of type I IFN response pathways in cancer cells, a shift of CD8+ T-cells towards an activated/memory phenotype and a shift of neutrophils towards an anti-tumorigenic phenotype. While Smyd3 ASOs seemed to also promote a Treg and M2 macrophage phenotype, bulk RNA-seq of MOC1 tumors treated with Smyd3 ASOs and anti-PD-1 revealed enrichment of type I IFN response pathways and upregulation of CD8+ T-cell attracting chemokines, implying the induction of an inflamed TME. Non-responder MOC1 tumors to the Smyd3 ASO and anti-PD-1 combination revealed mechanisms of resistance derived from cancer cells, macrophages and CD8+ T-cells, including neutrophil enrichment through upregulation of Cxcl2, repression of Cxcl9 and defective antigen presentation. This study sheds light in the immunomodulatory functions of Smyd3 in an in vivo setting and provides insight into actionable mechanisms of resistance to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Smyd3 ASO and anti-PD-1 combination treatment.
2024-10-10 | GSE273232 | GEO
Project description:We used scRNA-seq to assess the differential effect of Smyd3 ASOs on the transcriptomic profile of different cell types in the TME of MOC1 tumors.
2024-10-10 | GSE273507 | GEO
Project description:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute an abundant class of covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules that are formed by backsplicing from eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs can act as microRNA or protein decoys as well as transcriptional regulators. However, the functions of most circRNAs are still poorly understood. Because circRNA sequences overlap with their linear parent transcripts, depleting specific circRNAs without affecting host gene expression remains a challenge. Here, we assessed the utility of LNA-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to knock down circRNAs for loss-of-function studies. We identified 5807 circRNAs in total RNA sequencing data from 4 liver cancer cell lines and used the back splice junction (BSJ) sequences of 7 validated circRNAs as target sites for designing different LNA-modified ASOs for circRNA knockdown. We found that while most RNase H-dependent gapmer ASOs mediate effective knockdown of their target circRNAs, some gapmers reduce the levels of the linear parent transcript and may also cause degradation of unintended off-targets. The circRNA targeting specificity can be enhanced using design-optimized gapmer ASOs or LNA/DNA mixmer ASOs, which display potent and specific circRNA knockdown with a minimal effect on the host genes or predicted off-targets. In summary, our results demonstrate that LNA-modified ASOs complementary to BSJ sequences mediate robust knockdown of circRNAs in vitro and, thus, represent a useful tool to explore the biological roles of circRNAs in loss-of-function studies in cultured cells and animal models.
2022-11-01 | GSE145592 | GEO
Project description:This study examined the effects of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) on the muscle transcriptome in a transgenic mouse model of myotonic dystrophy. Two ASOs were tested in HSALR transgenic mice. Both of the ASOs targeted mRNA from a human skeletal actin (hACTA1) transgene. This transgene contains an expanded CTG repeat in the 3M-bM-^@M-^Y untranslated region (UTR) (Mankodi et al M-bM-^@M-^\Myotonic dystrophy in transgenic mice expressing an expanded CUG repeatM-bM-^@M-^] Science 2000; 289:1769-72). ASO 445235 targeted the hACTA1 transcript in the 3M-bM-^@M-^Y UTR, downstream from the expanded repeat. ASO 190401 targeted the hACTA1 transcript in the coding region. The HSALR mice received 4 weeks of biweekly subcutaneous injections of vehicle (saline), ASO 190401, or ASO 445236 (n = 4 per group), at a dose of 25 mg/kg per injection. Wild-type mice of the same strain background received saline injections (n = 4). One week after the final injection, quadriceps muscle was harvested for RNA analysis. Four conditions, four arrays per condition, to compare WT and HSALR trangenic mice without treatment (saline) and to examine the effect of two oligos (vs. saline) in the HSALR transgenic mice.
2012-06-27 | E-GEOD-38962 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Heterozygous GRN (progranulin) mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) due to haploinsufficiency, and increasing progranulin levels is a major therapeutic goal. Several microRNAs, including miR-29b, negatively regulate progranulin protein levels. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are emerging as a promising therapeutic modality for neurological diseases, but strategies for increasing target protein levels are limited. Here, we tested the efficacy of ASOs as enhancers of progranulin expression by sterically blocking the miR-29b binding site in the 3' UTR of the human GRN mRNA. We found 16 ASOs that increase progranulin protein in a dose-dependent manner in neuroglioma cells. A subset of these ASOs also increased progranulin protein in iPSC-derived neurons and in a humanized GRN mouse model. In FRET-based assays, the ASOs effectively competed miR-29b from binding to the GRN 3' UTR RNA. The ASOs increased levels of newly synthesized progranulin protein by increasing its translation, as revealed by polysome profiling. Together, our results demonstrate that ASOs can be used to effectively increase target protein levels by partially blocking miR binding sites. This ASO strategy may be therapeutically feasible for progranulin-deficient FTD as well as other conditions of haploinsufficiency.
2022-08-01 | GSE188498 | GEO
Project description:Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are being actively investigated as potential therapeutics for a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases. While these small oligonucleotides have been effective in the clinic, many basic questions regarding ASO internalization, trafficking, and modes of enhancing delivery remain. To address these questions, we investigated how lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery affects ASO uptake and distribution in the brain. We show that ASOs are internalized and active in central nervous system (CNS) cell types both in vivo and in vitro. While differential cellular activity and polarization states do not affect ASO potency, encapsulating ASOs in LNPs increases ASO activity up to 100-fold in cultured CNS cells. This dramatic increase in efficacy is facilitated by the intracellular trafficking of ASOs away from lysosomes or enhanced ASO uptake, which is cell-type-specific. We assessed the translatability of these results by screening ASO-LNPs in vitro and intracerebroventricularly injecting top performing formulations in mice. ASO-LNP delivery induced a strong ASO-dependent microgliosis response in the brain revealing that LNP encapsulation cannot mask ASO-mediated toxicity. However, LNP-delivered ASOs did not downregulate mRNA levels in bulk tissue due to changes in ASO distribution. While ASOs distribute widely across the brain after bulk injection, ASO-LNPs are preferentially internalized by cells lining the blood vessels and ventricles. Consistent with our findings in cells, ASOs localize to the endolysosomal system following both ASO and ASO-LNP delivery in the brain as determined using immunoelectron microscopy. These data provide valuable insights into how LNPs regulate ASO uptake and distribution in the brain, and support further development of ASO-LNPs for treating CNS disorders.
2023-05-15 | GSE220777 | GEO
Project description:This study examined the effects of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) on the muscle transcriptome in a transgenic mouse model of myotonic dystrophy. Two ASOs were tested in HSALR transgenic mice. Both of the ASOs targeted mRNA from a human skeletal actin (hACTA1) transgene. This transgene contains an expanded CTG repeat in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) (Mankodi et al “Myotonic dystrophy in transgenic mice expressing an expanded CUG repeat” Science 2000; 289:1769-72). ASO 445235 targeted the hACTA1 transcript in the 3’ UTR, downstream from the expanded repeat. ASO 190401 targeted the hACTA1 transcript in the coding region. The HSALR mice received 4 weeks of biweekly subcutaneous injections of vehicle (saline), ASO 190401, or ASO 445236 (n = 4 per group), at a dose of 25 mg/kg per injection. Wild-type mice of the same strain background received saline injections (n = 4). One week after the final injection, quadriceps muscle was harvested for RNA analysis.
2012-06-28 | GSE38962 | GEO
Project description:Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis. The discovery of genetic variants in the genes encoding Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, and this hampered the development of APOE and TREM2 targeting therapeutic strategies. One way to target APOE and TREM2 is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). In this study, we identified ASOs that selectively and potently reduce human APOE and TREM2 levels in human myeloid cells including iPSC-derived microglia. We demonstrated that a single bolus delivery of the ASOs in the mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is sufficient for the ASO to be pharmacologically active and modify the phenotype of xenografted human microglia throughout the mouse brain for at least 4 weeks. This study is the first proof-of-concept that the expression of microglial genes can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner in order to manipulate human microglia phenotypes in vivo, and demonstrates the utility of these ASOs both as research and therapeutic tools to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Project description:The human Factor VIII (F8) protein is essential for the blood coagulation cascade and specific F8 mutations cause the rare bleeding disorder Hemophilia A (HA). Here, we investigated the impact of HA-causing single-nucleotide mutations on F8 pre-mRNA splicing. We found that 14/97 (∼14.4%) coding sequence mutations tested in our study induced exon skipping. Splicing patterns of 4/11 (∼36.4%) F8 exons tested were especially sensitive to the presence of common disease-causing mutations. RNA-chemical probing analyses revealed a three-way junction structure at the 3′ end of intron 15 (TWJ-3-15). TWJ-3-15 sequesters the polypyrimidine tract, a key determinant of 3′ splice site strength. Using exon-16 of the F8 gene as a model, we designed specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that target TWJ-3-15 and identified three that promote the splicing of F8 exon-16. Interaction of TWJ-3-15 with ASOs increases accessibility of the polypyrimidine tract and inhibits the binding of hnRNPA1-dependent splicing silencing factors. Moreover, ASOs targeting TWJ-3-15 rescue diverse splicing-sensitive HA-causing mutations, most of which are distal to the 3’ splice site being impacted. The TWJ-3-15 structure and its effect on mRNA splicing provide a model for HA etiology in patients harboring specific F8 mutations and provide a framework for precision RNA-based HA therapies.
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