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Inhibition of G-protein signaling in cardiac dysfunction of Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Cardiac Arrhythmia (IDDCA) syndrome.

ABSTRACT: Background: Pathogenic variants of GNB5 encoding the 5 subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein cause IDDCA syndrome, an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cognitive disability and cardiac arrhythmia, particularly severe bradycardia. Methods: We used echocardiography and telemetric ECG recordings to investigate consequences of Gnb5 loss in mouse. Results: We delineated a key role of Gnb5 in heart sinus conduction and showed that Gnb5-inhibitory signaling is essential for parasympathetic control of heart rate and maintenance of the sympatho-vagal balance. Gnb5-/- mice were smaller and had a smaller heart than Gnb5+/+ and Gnb5+/-, but exhibited better cardiac function. Lower autonomic nervous system modulation through diminished parasympathetic control and greater sympathetic regulation, resulted in a higher baseline heart rate in Gnb5-/- mice. In contrast, Gnb5-/- mice exhibited profound bradycardia upon treatment with Carbachol, while sympathetic modulation of the cardiac stimulation was not altered. Concordantly, transcriptome study pinpointed altered expression of genes involved in cardiac muscle contractility in atria and ventricles of knocked-out mice. Homozygous Gnb5 loss resulted in significantly higher frequencies of sinus arrhythmias. Moreover, we described thirteen affected individuals, increasing the IDDCA cohort to 44 patients. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that loss of negative regulation of the inhibitory G-protein signaling causes heart rate perturbations in Gnb5-/- mice, an effect mainly driven by impaired parasympathetic activity. We anticipate that unraveling the mechanism of Gnb5-signaling in the autonomic control of the heart will pave the way for future drug screening.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE156898 | GEO | 2020/11/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The cardiac autonomic nervous system is crucial in controlling cardiac function, such as heart rate and cardiac contractility, and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Normally, there is a balance between these two branches to maintain homeostasis. However, cardiac disease states such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension can induce the remodeling of cells involved in cardiac innervation, which is associated with an adverse clinical outcome. Although there are vast amounts of data for the histological structure and function of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, its molecular biological architecture in health and disease is still enigmatic in many aspects. Novel technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) hold promise for the genetic characterization of tissues at single-cell resolution. However, the relatively large size of neurons may impede the standardized use of these techniques. Here, this protocol exploits droplet-based single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), a method to characterize the biological architecture of cardiac sympathetic neurons in health and disease. A stepwise approach is demonstrated to perform snRNA-seq of the bilateral superior cervical (SCG) and stellate ganglia (StG) dissected from adult mice. This method enables long-term sample preservation, maintaining an adequate RNA quality when samples from multiple individuals/experiments cannot be collected all at once within a short period of time. Barcoding the nuclei with hashtag oligos (HTOs) enables demultiplexing and the trace-back of distinct ganglionic samples post sequencing. Subsequent analyses revealed successful nuclei capture of neuronal, satellite glial, and endothelial cells of the sympathetic ganglia, as validated by snRNA-seq. In summary, this protocol provides a stepwise approach for snRNA-seq of sympathetic extrinsic cardiac ganglia, a method that has the potential for broader application in studies of the innervation of other organs and tissues.

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Inhibition of G-protein signaling in cardiac dysfunction of Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Cardiac Arrhythmia (IDDCA) syndrome.

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