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Metastasis of colon cancer requires Dickkopf-2 to generate cancer cells with Paneth cell properties [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Cancer stem cells contribute to metastasis in the murine colon cancer models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report a Wnt ligand, Dickkopf2 (DKK2) is essential for colorectal cancer stemness. Genetic depletion of Dkk2 in intestinal epithelial or stem cells reduced tumorigenesis as well as expression of the stem cell marker gene Lgr5 in a model of colitis-associated cancer. Mechanistically, DKK2 activates c-Src followed by increased LGR5 expressing stem cells in colorectal cancer through degradation of HNF4α1. Splenic injection of DKK2-deficient cancer organoids into C57BL/6 mice resulted in a significant reduction of liver metastases compared to the control cancer organoids in spite of the presence of oncogenic mutations in Apc, Kras and Tp53 genes. These findings suggest that DKK2 is required for stemness of colorectal cancer cells, which in turn contributes to metastasis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE157531 | GEO | 2024/11/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Metastasis of colon cancer requires Dickkopf-2 to generate cancer cells with Paneth cell properties

Project description:Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Cancer stem cells contribute to metastasis in the murine colon cancer models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report a Wnt ligand, Dickkopf2 (DKK2) is essential for colorectal cancer stemness. Genetic depletion of Dkk2 in intestinal epithelial or stem cells reduced tumorigenesis as well as expression of the stem cell marker gene Lgr5 in a model of colitis-associated cancer. Mechanistically, DKK2 activates c-Src followed by increased LGR5 expressing stem cells in colorectal cancer through degradation of HNF4α1. Splenic injection of DKK2-deficient cancer organoids into C57BL/6 mice resulted in a significant reduction of liver metastases compared to the control cancer organoids in spite of the presence of oncogenic mutations in Apc, Kras and Tp53 genes. These findings suggest that DKK2 is required for stemness of colorectal cancer cells, which in turn contributes to metastasis.

2024-11-11 | GSE157529 | GEO

Dickkopf-2 regulates stemness and differentiation of colorectal cancer cells via c-Src and HNF4α1

2021-09-01 | GSE157645 | GEO

Metastasis of colon cancer requires Dickkopf-2 to generate cancer cells with Paneth cell properties

Project description:Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Paneth cells provide stem cell niche factors in the homeostatic condition, but the underlying mechanisms of cancer stem cell niche development are unclear. Here we report that Dickkopf-2 (DKK2) is essential for Paneth-like cell generation during the metastasis of colon cancer. Splenic injection of DKK2-knockout (KO) cancer organoids into C57BL/6 mice resulted in a significant reduction of liver metastases compared to the control cancer organoids in spite of the presence of carcinogenic mutations in Apc, Kras and Tp53 genes. RNA-seq analysis of DKK2 KO organoids showed reduction of Paneth cell marker genes such as Lysozymes and Defensins. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of the RNA-seq data and assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) suggested HNF4A as a downstream target of DKK2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (Chip-seq) analysis showed that HNF4A binds to the open chromatin regions of Sox9, a well-known transcription factor for Paneth cell differentiation. Reduction of Paneth-like cells in the absence of DKK2 has been confirmed in the murine metastatic model of colon cancer using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA-seq. These data suggest the necessity of DKK2 in Paneth-like cell generation. Thus, DKK2 contributes to stem cell niche development during the metastatic progression of colon cancer.

2024-11-11 | GSE277510 | GEO

Gene expression changes in Apc-mutant mouse intestinal organoids 7 and 20 days after the induction of the Apc deletion

Project description:We isolated and selected intestinal adenoma organoids from Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreER; Apcflox/flox mice and added tamoxifen to induce the deletion of the Apc gene in the intestinal stem cells. Gene expressions on day7 and day20 after the addition of tamoxifen were compared, representing two stages with different colorectal cancer stem cell content. Total RNA obtained from Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreER; Apcflox/flox organoids were compared 7 days and 20 days after the addition of tamoxifen, cultured without the Wnt-agonist R-Spondin1.

2015-12-31 | E-GEOD-47569 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dickkopf-2 regulates stemness and differentiation of colorectal cancer cells via c-Src and HNF4α1

Project description:Dickkopf-2 regulates stemness and differentiation of colorectal cancer cells via c-Src and HNF4α1

| PRJNA662322 | ENA

Membrane to cortex attachment determines different mechanical phenotypes in LGR5+ and LGR5- colorectal cancer cells

Project description:Colorectal cancer tumors are composed of heterogeneous and plastic cell populations, including a pool of cancer stem cells that express LGR5. Whether these distinct cell populations display different mechanical properties, and how these properties might contribute to metastasis is unknown. Using CRC patient derived organoids (PDOs), we found that compared to LGR5- cells, LGR5+ cancer stem cells are stiffer, adhere better to the extracellular matrix (ECM), move slower both as single cells and clusters, display higher nuclear YAP, show a higher survival rate in response to mechanical confinement, and form larger transendothelial gaps. These differences are largely explained by the downregulation of the membrane to cortex attachment proteins Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERMs) in the LGR5+ cells. By analyzing scRNA-seq expression patterns from a patient cohort, we show that this downregulation is a robust signature of colorectal tumors. Our results show that LGR5- cells display a mechanically dynamic phenotype suitable for dissemination from the primary tumor whereas LGR5+ cells display a mechanically stable and resilient phenotype suitable for extravasation and metastatic growth.

2023-12-20 | GSE247359 | GEO

Apc-mutants act as supercompetitors in intestinal tumour initiation

Project description:Almost all colorectal cancers (CRC) present with mutations in the Apc gene, leading to unrestrained Wnt activation and the initiation of tumour development. We previously reported the competitive benefit of Apc-mutant intestinal stem cells (ISCs) within the crypt, however, the mechanism by which they outcompete their wild type (WT) neighbours remained elusive. Here, we studied the effect of Apc-mutants using an in vitro culture system of WT (Lgr5-CreErt2) and Apc-/- (Lgr5-CreErt2;Apcfl/fl) organoids . The expression patterns of WT and Apc-/- organoids revealed significant upregulation in specific secreted Wnt antagonists Notum, Wif1 and Dkk2. Furthermore, we studied the effect of the secreted antagonist by treating WT organoids with either WT or Apc-/- conditioned medium (CM) for 48 hours and observed a significant decrease in stem cell markers and an increase in goblet cell markers. We report that Apc-mutants act as bona fide supercompetitors by secreting Wnt antagonists that result in active differentiation of WT ISCs.

2021-03-25 | GSE144325 | GEO

Ascl2 acts as an R-spondin/Wnt responsive switch to control stemness in intestinal crypts [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Wnt signals control three functions of intestinal crypts: maintenance of Lgr5 stem cells, proliferation of transit-amplifying daughters and formation of Paneth cells. Here, we study how the Wnt effector Î²-catenin/Tcf4 cooperates with the Wnt-activated transcription factor Ascl2 to control a stem cell transcription program. DNA elements that are co-occupied and synergistically regulated by Ascl2 and Tcf4 specifically map to stem cell genes. In vitro, Tcf4-/- mini-guts are rescued by Ascl2 expression, while Ascl2-/- organoids are rescued by Wnt signaling. A direct auto-activatory loop leads to an on/off expression pattern of Ascl2 with a threshold that depends on the previous state. Wnt/R-spondin1 activates this loop. This mechanism interprets Wnt levels in crypts and translates this continuous signal into a discrete Ascl2 âonâ or âoffâ decision. In turn Ascl2, together with Î²-catenin/Tcf, activates stem cell genes. Thus, Ascl2 forms a transcriptional 'stemness switch' that is both Wnt-responsive and Wnt-dependent Examination of Tcf4, B-catenin and Ascl2 DNA occupancy in murine intestinal organoids and human colorectal cancer cell lines *** Original raw files unavailable due to loss during backup ***

2016-07-15 | E-GEOD-84456 | biostudies-arrayexpress

RNA-seq of LGR5(+) and LGR5(-) cells isolated from human colon adenoma organoids and targeted DNA-seq of a colorectal biobank

Project description:This study has two components: (1) Human colon adenoma organoids (n=4 patients) were dissociated into single cells. Cells were incubated with a magnetic bead bound to an LGR5 antibody and run through a magnetic column. Magnet bound cells and flow through negative (FTN) cells were obtained. Magnet bound and FTN cells were incubated with an APC-check reagent (which binds to the magnetic bead on the LGR5 antibody) and DAPI, before being sorted by flow cytometry. 3 populations of live (DAPI-) cells were collected: FTN: Flow through negative. LGR5 negative by magnet and by flow cytometry SortedNeg: Magnet bound cells that were negative for LGR5 by flow cytometry SortedPos: Magnet bound cells that were positive for LGR5 by flow cytometry (2) Human colon organoids, as well as the tissue the organoid was derived from and adjcacent normal tissue (from n=19) were also profiled for known colorectal cancer associated mutations using the Qiagen Qiaseq Colorectal Cancer Panel, which provides targeted sequencing information for 71 genes.

2020-04-30 | E-MTAB-4698 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data of GFP-high or low cells of LGR5-GFP or KRT20-GFP knock-in human colorectal tumor organoids.

Project description:We analyzed gene expression of 3 lines LGR5-GFP, 2 lines KRT20-GFP knock-in colorectal tumor organdies. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory highlights a self-renewing subpopulation of cancer cells that fuels tumour growth. The existence of human CSCs is mainly supported by xenotransplantation of prospectively isolated cells, but their clonal dynamics and plasticity remain unclear. Here, we show that human LGR5+ colorectal cancer cells serve as CSCs in growing cancer tissues. Lineage-tracing experiments with a tamoxifen inducible Cre knock-in allele of LGR5 reveal the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of LGR5+ tumour cells. Selective ablation of LGR5+ CSCs in LGR5-iCaspase9 knock-in organoids leads to tumour regression, followed by tumour regrowth driven by re-emerging LGR5+ CSCs. KRT20 knock-in reporter marks differentiated cancer cells that constantly diminish in tumour tissues, while reverting to LGR5+ CSCs and contributing to tumour regrowth after LGR5+ CSC ablation. We also show that combined chemotherapy potentiates LGR5+ CSCs targeting. These data provide insights into the plasticity of CSCs and their potential as a therapeutic target in human colorectal cancer.

2017-03-30 | GSE83513 | GEO

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