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Comparison of genome architecture at two stages of male germline cell differentiation in Drosophila

ABSTRACT: Eukaryotic chromosomes are spatially segregated into topologically associating domains (TADs). Some TADs are attached to the nuclear lamina (NL) through lamina-associated domains (LADs). Here, we identified LADs and TADs at two stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis – in bam∆86 mutant testes which is the commonly used model of spermatogonia (SpG) and in larval testes mainly filled with spermatocytes (SpCs). We found that initiation of SpC-specific transcription correlates with promoters’ detachment from the NL and with local spatial insulation of adjacent regions. However, this insulation does not result in the partitioning of inactive TADs into sub-TADs. We also revealed an increased contact frequency between SpC-specific genes in SpCs implying their de novo gathering into transcription factories. In addition, we uncovered the specific X chromosome organization in the male germline. In SpG and SpCs, a single X chromosome is stronger associated with the NL than autosomes. Nevertheless, active chromatin regions in the X chromosome interact with each other more frequently than in autosomes. Moreover, despite the absence of dosage compensation complex in the male germline, randomly inserted SpG-specific reporter is expressed higher in the X chromosome than in autosomes, thus evidencing that non-canonical dosage compensation operates in SpG.

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE157565 | GEO | 2022/02/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Comparison of genome architecture at two stages of male germline cell differentiation in Drosophila

Project description:Eukaryotic chromosomes are spatially segregated into topologically associating domains (TADs), some of them being attached to the nuclear lamina (NL) in lamina-associated domains (LADs). Here, we identified LADs and TADs at two consecutive stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis – in spermatogonia (SpG) and spermatocytes (SpCs). We found that launching of SpC-specific transcription frequently correlates with promoters’ detachment from the NL accompanied by spatial insulation of adjacent regions. We also revealed an increased contact frequency between SpC-specific genes implying their de novo gathering into “transcription factories”. In SpG and SpCs, single X chromosome is stronger associated with the NL than autosomes. Nevertheless, active chromatin regions in the X chromosome interact with each other more frequently than in autosomes. Moreover, despite the absence of dosage compensation complex in the male germline, randomly inserted SpG-specific reporter is expressed higher in the X chromosome than in autosomes, thus evidencing that non-canonical dosage compensation operates in SpG.

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The insulator protein SU(HW) modulates nuclear lamina interactions of the Drosophila genome: expression

Project description:Specific interactions of the genome with the nuclear lamina (NL) are thought to assist chromosome folding inside the nucleus and to contribute to the regulation of gene expression. High-resolution mapping has recently identified hundreds of large, sharply defined lamina-associated domains (LADs) in the human genome, and suggested that the insulator protein CTCF may help to demarcate these domains. Here, we report the detailed structure of LADs in Drosophila cells, and investigate the putative roles of five insulator proteins in LAD organization. We found that of these five proteins, only SU(HW) binds preferentially at LAD borders and at specific positions inside LADs, while GAF, CTCF, BEAF-32 and DWG are mostly absent from these regions. By knockdown and overexpression studies we demonstrate that SU(HW) weakens LAD M-bM-^@M-^S NL interactions by a local antagonistic effect. Our results provide insights into the evolution of LAD organization and reveal a role for SU(HW) in the regulation of genome M-bM-^@M-^S NL interactions. RNA was isolated from three independent Drosophila Kc167 cell cultures. Expression profiles were made of self-self hybridizations on spotted INDAC long oligo arrays. The three replicates were averaged.

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