Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Liver Model for the Study of PNPLA3 Associated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE158182 | GEO | 2021/09/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD to date. Despite its discovery twenty years ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3-I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease-causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild-type variant, PNPLA3-I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet-Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M-expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3-I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3-I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3-I148M-driven cellular change.
2024-04-10 | PXD046335 | Pride
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD. Despite its discovery twenty years ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3-I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease-causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3-I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild-type variant, PNPLA3-I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet-Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M-expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3-I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3-I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3-I148M-drivencellular change.
2024-04-09 | GSE261297 | GEO
Project description:H3K4me3 profiling of OSCC cells following in vitro exposure to oleic (OA) for 4 days and after 14 days of palmitic acid withdrawal.
2021-11-16 | GSE149044 | GEO
Project description:How hepatocytes respond to a fatty acid stimulus is the topic of continuous research, since it is essential for our understanding of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a pathology with a hard to detect onset, estimated to be present in a quarter of the adult human population. As advanced stages include cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma, early detection and intervention is crucial. To improve our understanding of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease we treated a human hepatoma cell line model, HepG2, with increasing concentrations of common fatty acids namely myristic, palmitic and oleic acid. To reproduce more representative conditions, we also included combinations of these fatty acids and monitored the cellular response with an in-depth proteomics approach and imaging techniques. The two saturated fatty acids presented a similar phenotype of a dose dependent decrease of proliferation rates and little lipid droplet formation. Interestingly, our data corroborated that this drop in proliferation rates was due to delayed cell cycle progression following myristic acid treatment, whereas palmitic acid led to cellular apoptosis. In contrast, oleic acid, as well as saturated fatty acid mixtures with oleic acid, led to a dose dependent increase of lipid droplet volume without the adverse impact on proliferation. Comparing the outcomes from harmful single fatty acid treatments and the well tolerated fatty acid mixes, we were able to differentiate between fatty acid specific cellular responses and likely common lipotoxic denominators. Two of them, A2M and SERPINA3, are modulators of the innate immune system and are likely involved in the inflammation occurring on systemic level. The remaining four include transcription factors like H2AFY, which recently has been proposed as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusively, our study not only manages to contextualise proteome alterations following fatty acid treatment, but also highlights differences between cellular effects of two common saturated fatty acids.
2022-04-04 | PXD030764 | Pride
Project description:Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are unique endothelial cell typelining the sinusoids of the liver and we have shown that these cells respond in a unique matter when exposed to saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) and bile acids. We used microarray to analyze the transcriptional differences between the LSEC exposed to free fatty acids and bile acid receptor agonists to further shed light on their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Line (TSEC) was treated with palmitic and oleic acid or the bile acid receptor agonist INT-767 for 8 hours. Total RNA was then harvested to determine transcriptional differences.
2015-05-07 | E-GEOD-67651 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Abstract Background & Aims: In liver transplantation, steatotic donor livers are rapidly increasing but are more susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets. Methods: Cell death markers were determined in donor livers and animal models. Casp8f/f;Alb-Cre, Ripk1D138N/D138N, Tnf-/-, Ripk3-/-, Trif-/-, Zbp1-/- mice were fed high fat diet or choline-deficient high fat diet to induce steatotic livers and were then subjected to I/R injury to investigate the mechanisms of cell death and inflammation. Primary mouse or human hepatocytes were isolated and subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation challenge to further elucidate the regulation mechanisms. Results: Apoptosis- and inflammation-induced injury was exacerbated in I/R process of steatotic livers, with inflammation-induced injury playing a more predominant role. In both normal and steatotic livers, caspase-8 ablation mitigated I/R injury by reducing apoptosis but not inflammation while RIPK1 kinase inhibition more effectively protected against I/R injury by alleviating both apoptosis and inflammation. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) but not TNF-α deficiency inhibited RIPK1 activation and protected against I/R injury in steatotic livers but not normal livers. In steatotic livers, overmuch palmitic acid triggered ZBP1 transcription through activating JNK pathway. During liver transplantation, excessive reactive oxygen species were generated during I/R injury and triggered ZBP1 oligomerization, which led to the kinase activation of RIPK1 and the subsequent aggravation of apoptosis- and inflammation-induced injury. Conclusions: ZBP1-mediated apoptosis and inflammation exacerbate steatotic liver I/R injury, which could be leveraged to protect steatotic donor livers in transplantation.
2024-06-01 | GSE254747 | GEO
Project description:We report whole genome gene expression in HepaRG cells, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, that were either treated with palmitic and oleic acid or solvent only. These data capture transcriptional events related to the response of human hepatocyte-like cells to fat-loading.
2024-01-01 | GSE185169 | GEO
Project description:Chronic intake of a high-fat diet increases saturated fatty acids in the brain causing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Palmitic acid is a free fatty acid abundant in the diet that at high concentrations may penetrate the blood brain barrier and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to inflammation in astrocytes. The use of the synthetic neurosteroid tibolone in protection against fatty acid toxicity is emerging, but its transcriptional effects on palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity remain unclear. Herein, we performed a transcriptome profiling of normal human astrocytes to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which palmitic acid causes cellular damage to astrocytes, and whether tibolone could reverse its detrimental effects. Astrocytes undergo a profound transcriptional change at 2 mM palmitic acid, affecting the expression of 739 genes, 366 upregulated and 373 downregulated. However, tibolone at 10 nM does not entirely reverse palmitic acid effects. Additionally, the protein protein interaction reveals two novel gene clustering modules. The first module involves astrocyte defense responses by upregulation of pathways associated with antiviral innate immunity, and the second is linked to lipid metabolism. Our data suggest that activation of viral response signaling pathways might be so far, the initial molecular mechanism of astrocytes in response to a lipotoxic insult by palmitic acid, triggered particularly upon increased expression levels of *IFIT2*, *IRF1*, and *XAF1*. Therefore, this novel approach using a global gene expression analysis may shed light on the pleiotropic effects of palmitic acid on astrocytes, and provide a basis for future studies addressed to elucidate these responses in neurodegenerative conditions, which is highly valuable for the design of therapeutic strategies.
2021-02-10 | GSE166500 | GEO
Project description:Through scRNA-sequencing of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), we have identified four subgroups of hepatocytes. A phenotyping 5-probe cocktail (Sanofi-Aventis) has been used to assess their metabolic capacity. Upon cocktail treatment, the characterized four hepatocyte subgroups displayed differential gene expression profiles and exhibited xenobiotic metabolism-related specialization. Intracellular lipid accumulation achieved through loading the cells with free fatty acids (FFA, 2:1 oleic:palmitic acid), differently affected the four subgroups. Moreover, we have shown that intracellular fat accumulation diminishes the drug-related metabolic capacity of hepatocytes.
2023-09-19 | E-MTAB-11530 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alongside the global obesity epidemic, is rapidly emerging as a dominant liver disease etiology that leads to progressive liver fibrosis, its terminal stage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified and validated a 133-gene signature (Prognostic Liver Signature for NAFLD [PLS-NAFLD]) to predict long-term HCC risk in patients with NAFLD. By analyzing PLS-NAFLD, IDO1 was identified as a potenial chemopreventive target for HCC from NAFLD. To test this hypothesis, we utilized our clinical-prognostic-signature-inducible cell culture model. We first confirmed that free fatty acid treatment (800 μM oleic acid and 400 μM palmitic acid) can induce PLS-NAFLD, then IDO1 inhibitor, epacadostat, can reverse the high-risk pattern in a dose-dependent manner.
2022-07-01 | GSE200460 | GEO