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Gene expression profiles of diabetic kidney disease and neuropathy in eNOS knockout mice: predictors of pathology and RAAS blockade effects

ABSTRACT: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are two common diabetic complications. However, their pathogenesis remains elusive and current therapies are only modestly effective. We evaluated genome-wide expression to identify pathways involved in DKD and DPN progression in db/db eNOS -/- mice receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blocking drugs to mimic the current standard of care for DKD patients. Diabetes and eNOS deletion worsened DKD, which improved with RAAS treatment. Diabetes also induced DPN, which was not affected by eNOS deletion or RAAS blockade. Given the multiple factors affecting DKD and the graded differences in disease severity across mouse groups, an automatic data-analysis method, SOM or self-organizing map was used to elucidate glomerular transcriptional changes associated with DKD, whereas pairwise bioinformatics analysis was used for DPN. These analyses revealed that enhanced gene expression in several pro-inflammatory networks and reduced expression of development genes correlated with worsening DKD. Although RAAS treatment ameliorated the nephropathy phenotype, it did not alter the more abnormal gene expression changes in kidney. Moreover, RAAS exacerbated expression of genes related to inflammation and oxidant generation in peripheral nerves. The graded increase in inflammatory gene expression and decrease in development gene expression with DKD progression underline the potentially important role of these pathways in DKD pathogenesis. Since RAAS blockers worsened this gene expression pattern in both DKD and DPN, it may partly explain the inadequate therapeutic efficacy of such blockers.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus synthetic construct

PROVIDER: GSE159059 | GEO | 2022/07/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To identify individual lipids and lipid networks that may be involved in DKD progression, we performed untargeted lipidomic analysis of kidney cortex tissue from diabetic db/db and db/db eNOS-/- mice along with nondiabetic littermate controls. A subset of mice were treated with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, lisinopril and losartan, which improves the DKD phenotype in the db/db eNOS-/- mouse model. Of the three independent variables in this study, diabetes had the largest impact on overall lipid levels in the kidney cortex, while eNOS expression and RAS inhibition had smaller impacts on kidney lipid levels. Kidney lipid network architecture, particularly of networks involving glycerolipids such as triacylglycerols, was substantially disrupted by worsening kidney disease in the db/db eNOS-/- mice compared to the db/db mice, a feature that was reversed with RAS inhibition. This was associated with decreased expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases, Scd1 and Scd2, with RAS inhibition. In addition to the known salutary effect of RAS inhibition on DKD progression, our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for RAS inhibition on the kidney triacylglycerol lipid metabolic network. Keywords: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To identify individual lipids and lipid networks that may be involved in DKD progression, we performed untargeted lipidomic analysis of kidney cortex tissue from diabetic db/db and db/db eNOS-/- mice along with non-diabetic littermate controls. A subset of mice were treated with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, lisinopril and losartan, which improves the DKD phenotype in the db/db eNOS-/- mouse model. Of the three independent variables in this study, diabetes had the largest impact on overall lipid levels in the kidney cortex, while eNOS expression and RAS inhibition had smaller impacts on kidney lipid levels. Kidney lipid network architecture, particularly of networks involving glycerolipids such as triacylglycerols, was substantially disrupted by worsening kidney disease in the db/db eNOS-/- mice compared to the db/db mice, a feature that was reversed with RAS inhibition. This was associated with decreased expression of the stearoyl-CoA desaturases, Scd1 and Scd2, with RAS inhibition. In addition to the known salutary effect of RAS inhibition on DKD progression, our results suggest a previously unrecognized role for RAS inhibition on the kidney triacylglycerol lipid metabolic network.

Project description:Purpose: Our study clarifies the mechanism of Huangqi decoction (HQD) against DKD in diabetic db/db mice. Methods: Eight-week-old male diabetic db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: Model (1% CMC), HQD-L (0.12 g/kg), HQD-M (0.36 g/kg), and HQD-H (1.08 g/kg) groups. Non-diabetic db/m mice were used as a control group. These mice received HQD treatment for 8 weeks continuously. After 8 weeks of feeding, kidneys were harvested to observe the kidney function, pathological changes, micro-assay study, and the protein expression levels. Results: HQD treatment improved the albumin/creatine ratio (ACR) and 24 h urinary albumin, prevented the pathological phenotypes of increased glomerular volume, widened mesangial areas, the proliferation of mesangial matrix, the disappearance of foot processes, the decreased expression of nephrin and the number of podocytes. The expression profile chips were assessed to reveal the global transcriptional response and predict related functions, diseases and pathways. To verify this, we found that HQD treatment activated the protein expressions of BMP1, BMP7, BMPR2, and active-Rap1 and inhibited Smad1 and phospho-ERK. In addition, HQD could improve lipid deposition in the kidneys of db/db mice. Conclusion: HQD prevents the progression of DKD in db/db mice by regulating the transcription of BMPs and their downstream target genes, inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and Smad1 by promoting the binding of Rap1 to GTP and regulating the lipid metabolism dysfunction. These provide a new idea for the treatment of DKD. Overall, HQD had a significant protective effect against DKD. This may be related to the fact that HQD promotes the transcription of BMPs and their downstream target genes by upregulating BMPR-II and regulates the phosphorylation of ERK and Smad by promoting the binding of Rap1 to GTP. In addition, HQD also has a noticeable role in regulating lipid metabolism dysfunction in DKD, which provides a new idea for future research on HQD.

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Gene expression profiles of diabetic kidney disease and neuropathy in eNOS knockout mice: predictors of pathology and RAAS blockade effects

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