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RNA sequencing reveals that methionine supply during late-gestation alters neonatal Holstein heifer calf liver transcriptome profiles

ABSTRACT: Maternal methionine supply during late pregnancy can affect offspring growth and development via nutritional programming. In the present study, we investigated if increasing the supply of methionine during late-pregnancy in Holstein cows affects transcriptome profiles in the offspring.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE163644 | GEO | 2021/01/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BackgroundPregnancy and early life are critical periods of plasticity during which the fetus and neonate may be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition. Maternal methionine (Met) supply in non-ruminants during pregnancy can affect offspring development and growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate if increasing Met supply during late-pregnancy affects developmental parameters of the calf at birth and if either maternal Met or colostrum from Met-fed cows alters calf growth. Calves born to Holstein cows individually-fed a basal control [CON; 1.47 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) and 15.3% crude protein] diet with no added Met or CON plus ethylcellulose rumen-protected Met (MET; Mepron® at 0.09% of diet DM; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) during the last 28?±?2 d of pregnancy were used. A total of 39 calves were in CON (n?=?22 bulls, 17 heifers) and 42 in MET (n?=?20 bulls, 22 heifers). At birth, calves were randomly allocated considering dam treatment and colostrum as follows: 1) calves from CON cows and colostrum from CON cows (n?=?21); 2) calves from CON cows and colostrum from MET cows (n?=?18); 3) calves from MET cows and colostrum from MET cows (n?=?22); and 4) calves from MET cows and colostrum from CON cows (n?=?20). All calves were housed, managed, and fed individually during the first 9 wk of life.ResultsDespite greater daily DM intake pre-partum in cows fed MET (15.7 vs. 14.4?±?0.12 kg/d, P?<?0.05), colostrum quality and quantity were not affected by maternal diet. At birth, MET calves had greater (P???0.05) body weight (BW, 44.1 vs. 42.1?±?0.70 kg), hip height (HH, 81.3 vs. 79.6?±?0.53 cm) and wither height (WH, 77.8 vs. 75.9?±?0.47 cm). In contrast, concentrations of His, Lys, and Asn in plasma were lower (P???0.05) in MET calves. Regardless of colostrum source, the greater BW, HH, and WH in MET calves at birth persisted through 9 wk of age resulting in average responses of +?3.1 kg BW, +?1.9 cm HH, and?+?1.8 cm WH compared with CON. Average daily gain during the 9 wk was (P?<?0.05) 0.72?±?0.02 kg/d in MET compared with 0.67?±?0.02 kg/d in CON calves. Respiratory scores were normal and did not differ (P?>?0.05) due to maternal Met supply or colostrum source. However, fecal scores tended to be lower (P???0.10) in MET calves regardless of colostrum source.ConclusionsIncreasing the maternal supply of MET during late-pregnancy enhanced growth in utero as well as during the pre-weaning and early post-weaning periods. Although the ~?1 kg/d greater DM intake during the last 2-3 wk prior to parturition could explain a portion of the 2 kg extra body mass of MET calves at birth, other mechanisms potentially encompassing nutrient assimilation efficiency likely played a role. Assessing the exact mechanisms sensitive to supply of Met or total amino acid supply during the latter stages of growth in utero merit further research.

Project description:The objective of this study was to analyze the mammary gland transcriptome to determine how preweaning nutrient supply alters the molecular mechanisms that regulate preweaning mammary development. Holstein heifers were fed via milk replacer either an elevated level of nutrient intake (ELE; on average, 5.9 ± 0.2 Mcal ME in 8.4 L of milk replacer (MR)/d, n = 6) or a restricted amount of nutrients (RES; 2.8 ± 0.2 Mcal ME in 4L MR/day, n = 5) for 54 d postnatal, at which point they were slaughtered and samples of mammary parenchyma tissue were obtained. Parenchymal mRNA was analyzed and the fold changes (FC) of 18,111 genes (ELE relative to RES) were uploaded to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software for transcriptomic analysis. Using a threshold of P < 0.05, IPA identified that the FC of 1,931 of 18,811 differentially expressed genes (DEG) could be utilized for the analysis. A total 18 molecular and cellular functions were relevant (P < 0.05) to DE genes arising from the treatments, with Cell Death and Survival, Cellular Movement, Cellular Development, Cellular Growth and Proliferation, and Lipid Metabolism being the 5 most associated functions with DEG. Based on the directional FC of DEG, the mammary gland of ELE heifers was predicted to have increased Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (Z = 2.685) and Accumulation of Lipid (Z = 2.322), while the Synthesis of DNA (Z = -2.137), Transactivation of RNA (Z = -2.254), Expression of RNA (Z = -2.405), Transcription (Z = -2.482) and Transactivation (Z = -2.611) were all predicted to be decreased. Additionally, IPA predicted the activation status of 13 upstream regulators with direct influence on DEG as affected by ELE feeding that were either ligand-dependent nuclear receptors (n = 2), enzyme (n = 1), or transcription regulators (n = 10). Of these, 6 were activated (Z > 2) and 7 were inhibited (Z < -2). In summary, feeding ELE preweaning altered the mammary transcriptome of Holstein heifers affecting cell functions involved in the morphological and physiological development of the mammary gland.

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RNA sequencing reveals that methionine supply during late-gestation alters neonatal Holstein heifer calf liver transcriptome profiles

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