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Depletion of m6A reader protein YTHDC1 induces dilated cardiomyopathy by abnormal splicing of Titin

ABSTRACT: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays essential roles in mammals. The function of this chemical modification is deciphered by m6A-specific binding proteins of the YTH family. Recent studies indicated that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 ('writer') and demethylase FTO ('eraser') play critical roles in cardiovascular diseases. However, function of m6A 'reader' proteins in the heart is still largely unknown. Here, we report that cardiac-speciﬁc ablation of Ythdc1 in postnatal heart exhibits progressive dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and dramatically increases the incidence of postnatal lethality. Mechanically, the transcript of Titin-the major DCM and heart failure related gene-is decorated by m6A modification and directly recognized by YTHDC1, deficiency of Ythdc1 in heart results in abnormal splicing of TTN and disarray of sarcomeric structures in the cardiomyocytes subsequently. Collectively, we demonstrated that YTHDC1-dependent TTN splicing is crucial for the postnatal heart development and cardiac function, which probably provides a potential target for treating DCM through tuning m6A modification of TTN mRNA.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE164353 | GEO | 2022/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Modulation of mRNA splicing acts as an important layer of gene regulation, in addition to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play essential roles in mediating RNA splicing and are key regulators of heart development and function. Our previous studies demonstrated that RBPMS (RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing) regulates cardiac development through modulating mRNA splicing during embryogenesis. Here we explored the postnatal function of RBPMS in the heart. Methods: We ablated Rbpms in the heart by generating a cardiac-specific knockout mouse line (Myh6-Cre, Rbpmsfl/fl), and evaluated its cardiac functions by histology, echocardiography, and gene expression. Paired-end RNA sequencing and RT-PCR were performed to identify and validate splicing targets of RBPMS in adult mouse hearts. Proximity-dependent Biotin Identification (BioID) assay and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify RBPMS binding partners. We also measured contractility and calcium fluxes in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, and contractile forces of cardiac papillary muscle. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were also used as a model to explore the influence of RBPMS on contractility of human cardiomyocytes. Results: he absence of Rbpms in the heart led to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure, causing early death in mice. Mice with cardiac-specific knockout of Rbpms showed myocardium noncompaction with reduced cardiomyocyte number at the neonatal stage and developed DCM with pervasive myocardial fibrosis in adulthood. We found that RBPMS mediates a largely distinct RNA splicing profile in adult mouse hearts compared to neonatal hearts, indicating a stage-specific modulation of alternative RNA splicing by RBPMS. In adult hearts, RBPMS mainly influenced alternative splicing of genes associated with sarcomere structures and cardiomyocyte contraction, such as Ttn, Pdlim5 and Nexn, to generate new protein isoforms. In neonatal hearts, RBPMS influenced the splicing of cytoskeletal genes. RBMPS was associated with spliceosome factors and other RNA binding proteins that play important roles in the heart, such as RBM20 and GATA4. Importantly, we found that the absence of Rbpms caused severe cardiomyocyte contractile defects and reduced calcium sensitivity in both mouse and hiPSC-CMs. Our results demonstrated that Rbpms is crucial for postnatal cardiac function and cardiomyocyte contractility by regulating RNA alternative splicing. Conclusions: Loss of Rbpms in the heart causes reduced cardiomyocyte number and impaired cardiomyocyte contraction, leading to DCM and heart failure.

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Depletion of m6A reader protein YTHDC1 induces dilated cardiomyopathy by abnormal splicing of Titin

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