TRIM21 knockout mouse livers show enhanced antioxidant capacity and decreased compensatory proliferation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE164369 | GEO | 2021/04/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:TRIM21 knockout mouse livers show enhanced antioxidant capacity and decreased compensatory proliferation
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Project description:To investigate Trim21 knockdown on the gene expression of downstream effectors of MAPK and ERBB pathways, we established HPAC cell lines with Trim21 knockdown.
2023-08-08 | GSE208568 | GEO
Project description:Macrophage polarization followed by acute myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for the regulation of inflammation and scar formation. Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21), a member of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is a crucial mediator in the process of inflammation and heart failure. However, the potential roles of TRIM21 in modulating post-MI inflammation and macrophage polarization remain elusive. We detected that the levels of TRIM21 were significantly reduced in macrophages of WT mice after MI. In contrast, MI was ameliorated in TRIM21 knockout (TRIM21-/-) mice with improved cardiac remodeling, characterized by a marked decrease in mortality, increased wall thickness, and improved cardiac function in comparison with wild-type (WT) MI mice. Importantly, TRIM21 deficiency decreased the post-MI apoptosis and DNA damage in the hearts of mice, and the accumulation of M1 phenotype macrophages in infarcted hearts significantly decreased in TRIM21-/- mice compared with WT controls. Mechanistically, depletion of TRIM21 orchestrated the process of M1 macrophage polarization via a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, these data reveal that TRIM21 drives the inflammatory response and cardiac remodeling after MI via stimulating M1 macrophage polarization through a PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
2022-12-31 | GSE214696 | GEO
Project description:We make Pa01c cells stable expressing a scramble or shRNA against TRIM21 and performed bulk scRNASeq to assess transcriptomic changes Pa01c cells
2024-11-21 | GSE207852 | GEO
Project description:Bortezomib (bort) is an effective therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma (MM) patients; however, the majority of patients develop drug resistance. Autophagy, a highly conserved process that recycles cytosol or entire organelles via lysosomal activity, is essential for the survival, homeostasis and drug resistance in MM. Growing evidence has highlighted that E3 ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) not only interacts with multiple autophagy regulators but also participates in drug resistance in various cancers. However, to date, the direct substrates and additional roles of TRIM21 in MM remain unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that low TRIM21 expression is a factor for relapse in MM. TRIM21 knockdown (KD) made MM cells more resistant to bort, while TRIM21 overexpression (OE) resulted in increased MM sensitivity to bort. Proteomic and phospho-proteomic studies of TRIM21 KD MM cells showed that bort resistance was associated with increased oxidative stress and elevated pro-survival autophagy. Our results provided that TRIM21 KD MM cell lines induced pro-survival autophagy after bort treatment, and suppressing autophagy by 3-methyladenine treatment or by the short hairpin RNA of ATG5 restored bort sensitivity. Indeed, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) expression was increased and decreased by TRIM21 KD and OE, respectively. TRIM21 affected autophagy by ubiquitinating ATG5 through K48 for proteasomal degradation. Importantly, we confirmed that TRIM21 could potentiate the anti-myeloma effect of bort through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Overall, our findings define the key role of TRIM21 in MM bort resistance and provide a foundation for a novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
2023-10-24 | PXD042004 | Pride
Project description:We report that TRIM21 plays a crucial role in mediating antibody interference of adenovirus gene delivery and simultaneously initiates a transcriptional programme of immune genes.
2018-09-17 | GSE119119 | GEO
Project description:Interferon gamma (IFN) is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine conferring resistance to the intracellular vacuolar pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Autophagy along with immunity-related GTPases (IRGs), guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mediate clearance of Toxoplasma in IFN-stimulated cells. With the exception of inflammasomes, no host innate immune mediators impacting host survival have been identified at disrupted parasitophorous vacuoles. We show that IFN drives recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 to GBP1-positive avirulent Toxoplasma vacuoles. This led to Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the vacuole and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. GBPs were ubiquitinated during infection and TRIM21 controlled their expression levels and the efficient recruitment of GBP1 to the vacuole. TRIM21 deficiency led to an enhanced early replication of Toxoplasma without interfering with vacuolar disruption. TRIM21-/- mice were highly susceptible to Toxoplasma infection, exhibiting decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher parasite burden in the brain. This study identifies TRIM21 as a previously unknown modulator of Toxoplasma gondii resistance thereby extending host innate immune recognition of eukaryotic pathogens to include E3 ubiquitin ligases.
2018-03-12 | PXD003217 | Pride
Project description:The clinical picture of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) varies markedly between patients, potentially due to genetic modifiers. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variants previously associated with fatty liver as potential modulators of the AIH phenotype. The study cohort comprised 313 non-transplanted adults with AIH. In all patients, the MARC1 (rs2642438), HSD17B13 (rs72613567), PNPLA3 (rs738409), TM6SF2 (rs58542926), and MBOAT7 (rs641738) variants were genotyped using TaqMan assays. Mitochondrial damage markers in serum were analyzed in relation to the MARC1 variant. Carriers of the protective MARC1 allele had lower ALT and AST (both P < 0.05). In patients treated for AIH for ≥ 6 months, MARC1 correlated with reduced AST, ALP, GGT (all P ≤ 0.01), and lower APRI (P = 0.02). Patients carrying the protective MARC1 genotype had higher total antioxidant activity (P < 0.01) and catalase levels (P = 0.02) in serum. The PNPLA3 risk variant was associated with higher MELD (P = 0.02) in treated patients, whereas MBOAT7 increased the odds for liver cancer (OR = 3.71). None of the variants modulated the risk of death or transplantation. In conclusion, the MARC1 polymorphism has protective effects in AIH. Genotyping of MARC1, PNPLA3, and MBOAT7 polymorphisms might help to stratify patients with AIH.
| S-EPMC8702547 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown promise for clinical cancer therapy, its efficacy has only been observed in a limited subset of patients and the underlying mechanisms regulating innate and acquired resistance to ICB of tumor cells is poorly understood. Here, we identified EPDR1 as an important intrinsic tumor regulator of PD-L1 expression and the antitumor T-cell response that inhibits TRIM21-dependent ubiquitylation of IKBKB. Mechanistically, EPDR1 binds to TRIM21 and disrupts its interaction with IKBKB, which suppresses the ubiquitylation and autophagosome degradation of the IKBKB protein and thus enhances NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation of PD-L1. We further confirmed through a mouse liver cancer model that EPDR1 mediates the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and promotes tumor progression. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between EPDR1 and PD-L1 expression in both human and mouse liver cancer samples. Collectively, our study reveals an unappreciated role of EPDR1 in orchestrating tumor immune evasion and cancer progression, suggesting that targeting EPDR1-TRIM21 is a potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
2024-06-29 | GSE250169 | GEO
Project description:SUMMARY Research background Milk protein hydrolysates have received particular attention due to their health-promoting effects. Dromedary milk differs from the milk of other dairy animals in the composition and structure of its protein components, which give it unique properties. The bioactivity and functionality of whole dromedary milk proteins and their enzymatic hydrolysates have not received much attention, hence this study aims to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of dromedary milk proteins on their antioxidant activities and functional properties. Experimental approach Dromedary milk proteins were treated using four proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, ?-chymotrypsin and papain) and two mixtures of enzymes (pancreatin and pronase). The degree of hydrolysis was measured to verify the hydrolysis of the proteins. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography served to determine the molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates while reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was conducted to explore their hydrophobicity. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using various in vitro tests, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities, iron(III) reducing ability and chelating activity. Besides, functional properties such as solubility, foaming and emulsification were assessed. Results and conclusions Dromedary milk protein hydrolysates exhibited different degrees of hydrolysis ranging from 17.69 to 41.86%. Apart from that, the hydrolysates showed different electrophoretic patterns, molecular mass distribution and RP-HPLC profiles demonstrating the heterogeneity of the resulting peptides in terms of molecular mass and polarity. The hydrolysates displayed significantly higher antioxidant capacities than the undigested proteins at all the tested concentrations. Iron(II) chelating activity was the most improved assay after proteolysis and the hydrolysate generated with pancreatin had the highest chelating power. Dromedary milk protein hydrolysates possessed good solubility (>89%). Further, foaming and emulsifying properties of dromedary milk proteins were enhanced after their proteolysis. These interfacial properties were influenced by the enzymes employed during proteolysis. Novelty and scientific contribution Enzymatic hydrolysis of dromedary milk proteins is an effective tool to obtain protein hydrolysates with great antioxidant and functional properties. These results suggest that dromedary milk protein hydrolysates could be used as a natural source of antioxidant peptides to formulate functional foods and nutraceuticals.
| S-EPMC7416125 | biostudies-literature