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TMEFF2 and CD95L derived shRNAs promote prostate cancer cell death by targeting the essential androgen receptor pathway

ABSTRACT: A novel mechanism, Death Induced by Survival gene Elimination (DISE), has recently been described as a potential cancer therapy. DISE kills cancer cells through an RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. We show that expression of certain shRNAs developed to target TMEFF2 promotes prostate cancer (PCa) cell death similar to DISE, and independently of TMEFF2 targeting/expression. In PCa cells, these shRNAs downregulate the androgen receptor (AR) and AR coregulatory genes, an effect that correlates with the presence of short seed matches in their 3’UTRs and which results in global androgen signaling inhibition and cell death. We have termed this mechanism Androgen Network DISE (AN-DISE). shL3, an shRNA to CD95L known to promote DISE in non-PCa cells, promotes AN-DISE in PCa cells by targeting the AR-signaling pathway.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE165247 | GEO | 2021/02/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in progression to incurable androgen-ablation resistant prostate cancer (PCA). We have identified three novel AR splice variants lacking the ligand binding domain (designated as AR3, AR4 and AR5) in hormone insensitive PCA cells. AR3, one of the major splice variants expressed in human prostate tissues, is constitutively active and its transcriptional activity is not regulated by androgens or antiandrogens. Immunohistochemistry analysis on tissue microarrays containing 429 human prostate tissue samples shows that AR3 is significantly upregulated during PCA progression and AR3 expression level is correlated with the risk of tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Overexpression of AR3 confers ablation-independent growth of PCA cells while specific knock-down of AR3 expression (without altering AR level) in hormone resistant PCA cells attenuates their growth under androgen-depleted conditions in both cell culture and xenograft models, suggesting an indispensable role of AR3 in ablation-independent growth of PCA cells. Furthermore, AR3 may play a distinct yet essential role in ablation-independent growth through regulating a unique set of genes including AKT1, which are not regulated by the prototype AR. Our data suggest that aberrant expression of AR splice variants may be a novel mechanism underlying ablation-independence during PCA progression and AR3 may serve as a prognostic marker to predict patient outcome in response to hormonal therapy. Given that these novel AR splice variants are not inhibited by currently available anti-androgen drugs, development of new drugs targeting these AR isoforms may potentially be effective for treatment of ablation-resistant PCA. Total RNA was extracted from CWR-R1 and 22Rv1 cells treated with shAR3-1, shARa and the scrambled shRNA control, respectively. Each of CWR-R1 and 22Rv1 cells treated with shAR3-1 was compared with the scrambled shRNA control. The same experiments were performed for the cells treated with shARa.

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TMEFF2 and CD95L derived shRNAs promote prostate cancer cell death by targeting the essential androgen receptor pathway

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