Lung resident memory B cells protect against bacterial pneumonia
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE167103 | GEO | 2021/04/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Community-acquired pneumonia is a widespread disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Alveolar macrophages are tissue-resident lung cells that play a crucial role in innate immunity against bacteria causing pneumonia. We hypothesized that alveolar macrophages display adaptive characteristics after resolution of bacterial pneumonia. We studied mice one to six months after self-limiting lung infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. Among the myeloid cells recovered from the lung, only alveolar macrophages showed long-term modifications of their surface marker phenotype. The remodeling of alveolar macrophages was: (i) long-lasting (still observed 6 months post infection), (ii) regionally localized (only observed in the affected lobe after lobar pneumonia), and (iii) associated with a macrophage-dependent enhanced lung protection to another pneumococcal serotype. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling revealed that alveolar macrophages of mice which recovered from pneumonia had new baseline activities and altered responses to infection. Thus, the enhanced lung protection after mild and self-limiting respiratory infection includes a profound remodeling of alveolar macrophages that is long-lasting, compartmentalized, and manifest across surface receptors, metabolites, and both resting and stimulated transcriptomes. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression for mouse alveolar macrophages sorted from lungs that were naïve or infected more than a month previously, at rest and during an acute (4-hour) infection.
2020-04-17 | GSE133975 | GEO
Project description::Systemic duress, like that elicited by sepsis, burns or trauma, predispose patients to nosocomial pneumonia, demanding better understanding of host pathways influencing this deleterious connection. These pre-existing circumstances are capable of triggering the hepatic acute phase response (APR), which we previously demonstrated is essential for limiting susceptibility to secondary lung infections. To identify potential mechanisms underlying protection afforded by the lung-liver axis, our studies aimed to evaluate liver-dependent lung reprogramming when a systemic inflammatory challenge precedes pneumonia. WT mice and APR-deficient littermates lacking hepatocyte STAT3 (hepSTAT3-/-), a transcription factor necessary for full APR initiation, were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS to induce endotoxemia. After 18h, pneumonia was induced by intratracheal E. coli instillation. Endotoxemia elicited significant transcriptional alterations in the lungs of WT and hepSTAT3-/- mice, with nearly 2,000 differentially expressed genes between genotypes. The gene signatures revealed exaggerated immune activity in the lungs of hepSTAT3-/- mice, which were compromised in their capacity to launch additional cytokine responses to secondary infection. Proteomics revealed substantial liver-dependent modifications in the airspaces of pneumonic mice, implicating a network of dispatched liver-derived mediators influencing lung homeostasis. These results indicate that following systemic inflammation, liver acute phase changes dramatically remodel the lungs, resulting in a modified landscape for any stimuli encountered thereafter. Based on the established vulnerability of hepSTAT3-/- mice to secondary lung infections, we believe that intact liver function is critical for maintaining the immunological responsiveness of the lungs. Further studies are needed to confirm whether and how such lung changes directly influence pneumonia susceptibility.
2021-07-23 | PXD024663 | Pride
Project description:Previous pneumococcal experience establishes lung-resident IL-17A-producing CD4+ memory TRM cells that accelerate neutrophil recruitment against heterotypic pneumococci. Herein, we unravel a novel crosstalk between CD4+ TRM cells and lung epithelial cells underlying this protective immunity. Genome-wide expression analyses of lung epithelial cells in CD4+ cell sufficient and CD4+ cell deficient heterotypic immune murine lungs revealed a significant remodeling of the epithelial transcriptome of infected lungs due to infection history, ~80% of which was CD4+ cell-dependent.
2020-03-16 | GSE128897 | GEO
Project description:Vaccination reduces morbidity and mortality from pneumonia but its effect on the tissue-level response to infection is still poorly understood. We evaluated pneumonia disease progression, acute phase response and lung gene expression profiles in mice inoculated intranasally with virulent gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype (ST) 3, with and without prior immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide ST 3 (PPS3), or co-immunization with PPS3 and with a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pneumonia severity was assessed in the acute phase, 5, 12, 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and the resolution phase of 7 days p.i. Primary PPS3 specific antibody production was upregulated and IgM binding to pneumococci increased in PPS3-immunized mice. Immunizations with PPS3 or PPS3 + LPS decreased bacterial recovery the lung and blood at 24 and 48 h and increased survival. Microarray analysis of whole lung RNA revealed significant changes in the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) between noninfected and infected mice, which were attenuated by immunization. SAA transcripts were higher in the liver and lungs of infected controls, and SAA protein was elevated in serum, but decreased in PPS3-immunized mice. Thus, during a virulent pneumonia infection, prior immunization with PPS3 in an IgM-dependent manner as well as co-immunization with PPS3 + LPS attenuated pneumonia severity and promoted resolution of infection, concomitant with significant regulation of cytokine gene expression in the lungs, and acute phase proteins in the lungs, liver and serum. Each lung RNA sample represented an individual mouse, creating biological repeats for each treatment. In-vivo treatments were as follows: non-infected lung (vehicle-immunized) control (n=5), infected lung (vehicle-immunized) control at 48 hr post-inoculation (n=5), PPS3 and LPS co-immunized lung at 48 hr post-inoculation (n=4) and PPS3 and LPS co-immunized lung at 7 days post-inoculation (n=4).
2013-03-29 | E-GEOD-45644 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community acquired pneumonia. Some clinical trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of corticosteroid therapy in community acquired pneumonia, but the mechanisms of this benefit remain unclear. Objectives: To investigate the biologic effects of corticosteroids in pneumococcal pneumonia in mice and in patients Methods: We studied lower respiratory tract transcriptomes from an observational cohort of mechanically ventilated patients and from a pneumonia model in mice. We also carried out comprehensive physiologic, biochemical, and histological analyses in mice to identify mechanisms of lung injury in S. pneumoniae with and without adjunctive steroid therapy. Measurement and Main Results: Transcriptomic analysis identified pleiotropic effects of steroid therapy on the lower respiratory tract in critically ill patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, findings that were reproducible in mice. In mice with pneumonia, dexamethasone in combination with ceftriaxone reduced (1) pulmonary edema formation, (2) alveolar protein permeability, (3) proinflammatory cytokine release, (4) histopathology lung injury score, and (5) hypoxemia, but did not increase bacterial burden. Conclusions: In combination with appropriate antibiotics in mice, treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia with steroid therapy reduces hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung permeability, and histologic criteria of lung injury, and also altered inflammatory responses at the protein and gene expression level. The concordance of transcriptional data in the mouse model and in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia supports the translational relevance of this work.
2024-06-05 | GSE246398 | GEO
Project description:Infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often causing community-acquired pneumonia, otitis media and also bacteremia and meningitis. Studies on S. pneumoniae are mainly focused on its virulence or capability to evade the host immune system, but little is known about the injury caused in lungs during a pneumococcal infection. Herein we compared the proteome profile of lungs from S. pneumoniae-infected mice with control mice by means of DIGE technology. In order to obtain reliable results three biological replicas were used, and four technical replicas were carried out for each biological replica. Proteomic comparison was performed at two time points: 24 and 48 hours post infection. A total of 91 proteins were identified with different abundance. We found important changes in the protein profiles during pneumococcal infection mainly associated with regulation of vesicle-mediated transport, wound healing, and cytoskeleton organization. In conclusion, S. pneumoniae may manipulate cytoskeleton of the cell during a lung infection likely by the death of eukaryotic cells.
2018-06-10 | PXD006393 | Pride
Project description:Pneumonia is a serious problem worldwide. We recently demonstrated that innate defense mechanisms of the lung are highly inducible against pneumococcal pneumonia. To determine the breadth of protection conferred by stimulation of lung mucosal innate immunity, and to identify cells and signaling pathways activated by this treatment, mice were treated with an aerosolized bacterial lysate, then challenged with lethal doses of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Mice were highly protected against a broad array of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Class A bioterror bacterial pathogens, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Protection was associated with rapid pathogen killing within the lungs, and this effect was recapitulated in vitro using a respiratory epithelial cell line. Gene expression analysis of lung tissue showed marked activation of NF-kappaB, Type I and II interferon, and antifungal Card9-Bcl10-Malt1 pathways. Cytokines were the most strongly induced genes, but the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 were not required for protection. Lung-expressed antimicrobial peptides were also highly upregulated. Taken together, stimulated innate resistance (StIR) appears to occur through the activation of multiple host defense signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells, inducing rapid pathogen killing, and conferring broad protection against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens. Augmentation of innate antimicrobial defenses of the lungs might have therapeutic value for protection of patients with neutropenia or impaired adaptive immunity against opportunistic pneumonia, and for defense of immunocompetent subjects against a bioterror threat or epidemic respiratory infection. Keywords: differential gene expression; time course; innate immunity; pneumonia; immunocompromised host; lung epithelium Gene expression patterns in mouse lung homogenates were analyzed 2h after exposure to aerosolized PBS (Sham treatment), 2h after exposure to aerosolized NTHi lysate or 4h after exposure to aerosolized NTHi lysate. Each group consisted of six mice.
2010-06-24 | E-GEOD-13740 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pneumonia is a serious problem worldwide. We recently demonstrated that innate defense mechanisms of the lung are highly inducible against pneumococcal pneumonia. To determine the breadth of protection conferred by stimulation of lung mucosal innate immunity, and to identify cells and signaling pathways activated by this treatment, mice were treated with an aerosolized bacterial lysate, then challenged with lethal doses of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Mice were highly protected against a broad array of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Class A bioterror bacterial pathogens, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Protection was associated with rapid pathogen killing within the lungs, and this effect was recapitulated in vitro using a respiratory epithelial cell line. Gene expression analysis of lung tissue showed marked activation of NF-kappa-B, Type I and II interferon, and antifungal Card9-Bcl10-Malt1 pathways. Cytokines were the most strongly induced genes, but the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 were not required for protection. Lung-expressed antimicrobial peptides were also highly upregulated. Taken together, stimulated innate resistance (StIR) appears to occur through the activation of multiple host defense signaling pathways in lung epithelial cells, inducing rapid pathogen killing, and conferring broad protection against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens. Augmentation of innate antimicrobial defenses of the lungs might have therapeutic value for protection of patients with neutropenia or impaired adaptive immunity against opportunistic pneumonia, and for defense of immunocompetent subjects against a bioterror threat or epidemic respiratory infection. Keywords: Differential expression, innate immunity, pneumonia, immunocompromised host; lung epithelium, in vitro, MLE-15 cells were treated with sham (PBS), NTHi lysate (100 ug/ml) or EF2505-III (40 ug/ml). 4 unique samples per group. Treated for 2 hours. Hybridized to Illumina Sentrix Mouse-6 v1.1 Beadhips.
2010-06-24 | E-GEOD-13685 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A murine model of RelA mutated throughout the alveolar epithelium was generated. Mice were anesthetized and intratracheally instilled with 106 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 into the left lung lobe. Mice were euthanized after 15 hours after instillation, and left lung lobes were collected to isolate RNA. We used SABioscience Mouse Inflammatory Cytokines and Receptors PCR Array to evaluate whether the expressions of lung cytokines and receptors during pneumococcal pneumonia are dependent on alveolar epithelial NF-M-NM-:B RelA or not. qPCR gene expression profiling. RNA were collected from six different mouse lungs in each genotype (wild-type and alveolar epithelial RelA mutant). Equal amount of RNA (200ng) was pooled from six different mouse lungs, and 1M-NM-<g of total RNA (1.2M-NM-<g) was used to the PCR array.
2012-08-03 | E-GEOD-38399 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:<p><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and bacteraemia and is capable of remarkable phenotypic plasticity, responding rapidly to environmental change. Pneumococcus is a nasopharyngeal commensal, but is responsible for severe, acute infections following dissemination within-host. Pneumococcus is adept at utilising host resources, but the airways are compartmentalised and those resources are not evenly distributed. Challenges and opportunities in metabolite acquisition within different airway niches may contribute to the commensal-pathogen switch when pneumococcus moves from nasopharynx into lungs. We used NMR to characterise the metabolic landscape of the mouse airways, in health and during infection. Using paired nasopharynx and lung samples from naïve animals, we identified fundamental differences in metabolite bioavailability between airway niches. Pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with rapid and dramatic shifts in the lung metabolic environment, whilst nasopharyngeal carriage led to only modest change in upper airway metabolite profiles. NMR spectra derived from the nasopharynx of mice infected with closely-related pneumococcal strains that differ in their colonisation potential could be distinguished from one another using multivariate dimensionality reduction methods. The resulting models highlighted that increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) bioavailability in nasopharynx is a feature of infection with the high colonisation potential strain. Subsequent analysis revealed increased expression of BCAA transport genes and increased intracellular concentrations of BCAA in that same strain. Movement from upper to lower airway environments is associated with shifting challenges in metabolic resource allocation for pneumococci. Efficient biosynthesis, liberation or acquisition of BCAA is a feature of adaptation to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</p>
2023-08-08 | MTBLS4591 | MetaboLights