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Identification of downstream effectors of retinoic acid specifying the zebrafish pancreas by integrative genomics [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: Retinoic acid (RA) is a key signal for the specification of the pancreas. Still, the gene regulatory cascade triggered by RA in the endoderm remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated this regulatory network in zebrafish by combining RNA-seq, RAR ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq assays. By analysing the effect of RA and of the RA receptor (RAR) antagonist BMS439 on the transcriptome and on the chromatin accessibility of endodermal cells, we identified a large set of genes and regulatory regions regulated by RA signalling. RAR ChIP-seq further defined the direct RAR target genes including the known hox genes as well as several pancreatic regulators like mnx1, insm1b, hnf1ba and gata6. Comparison of our zebrafish data with available murine RAR ChIP-seq data highlighted conserved direct target genes and revealed that some RAR sites are under strong evolutionary constraints. Among them, a novel highly conserved RAR-induced enhancer was identified downstream of the HoxB locus and driving expression in the nervous system and in the gut in a RA-dependant manner. Finally, ATAC-seq data unveiled the role of the RAR-direct targets Hnf1ba and Gata6 in opening chromatin at many regulatory loci upon RA treatment.

ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio

PROVIDER: GSE168960 | GEO | 2021/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In mouse embryonic cells, a retinoic acid (RA) stimulation triggers a massive change of gene expression leading the pluripotent, proliferating cells to a lineage-specific differentiation process. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) plays a key role in this response by inhibiting pluripotency-maintaining genes and simultaneously activating some major actors of cell differentiation. To investigate the mechanism underlying this dual regulation, we performed joint RAR/RXR ChIP-seq and mRNA-seq time series during the first 48 hours of the RA-induced Primitive Endoderm differentiation process in F9 embryonic carcinoma cells. We detected significantly more RAR/RXR binding regions than previous studies and identified among them a handful of typical binding intensity patterns during differentiation. We demonstrate that these patterns are correlated with the coincidental binding of essential transcription factors (TFs) for pluripotency maintenance or PrE differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells, as well as the presence of variants of RAR binding motifs. Most importantly, early-bound regions coincide with pluripotency-associated transcription factor binding in ES (like Pou5f1, Sox2, Esrrb and Nr5a2) and display an increased frequency of the DR0 type RAR binding motifs; late-bound sites are associated to the PrE marker Sox17 and are enriched in the canonical DR5 binding motif. Our data offer an unprecedently detailed view on the action of RA in triggering pluripotent cell differentiation. Altogether, this work sheds light on the relocation of RAR/RXR binding sites throughout differentiation, and shows how RAR/RXR progressively shift from DR0 enriched regions, which were specifically identified in undifferentiated models, to canonical RAR binding sites containing loci. Time course (0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48h) after stimulation of F9 cultured cells by retinoic acid: PanRAR and PanRXR ChIP-seq at 0, 2, 24 and 48h (no replicate); WCE-seq at 0h (no replicate); mRNA-seq at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48h (2 replicates except for time 0h, 4 replicates). Additionally, a control time course (culture in DMSO) sampled at 24 and 48h (no replicates).

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Identification of downstream effectors of retinoic acid specifying the zebrafish pancreas by integrative genomics [ATAC-seq]

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