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DksA acts as a transcriptional switch in stress and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii

ABSTRACT: Ability to redirect limiting cellular resources accurately is key to bacteria for surviving in harsh environments that they often encounter during their lifetime. DksA, a transcriptional initiating factor, plays critical roles in regulating stress responses and antibiotic tolerance. Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major healthcare threat and responsible for both nosocomial and community acquired deadly infections worldwide. Yet, little is known about the role of DksA in A. baumannii. Here we describe a highly pleiotropic nature of DksA that it helps redirect the key metabolic pathways associated with the respiration, energy production, protein biosynthesis. Inhibition of ribosomal RNAs, ATP production by DksA is detrimental to bacteria under bacteriostatic stresses such as copper and trimethoprim. By contrast, it is required for survival in stresses that generate reactive-oxygen species such as zinc and gentamycin. Bacteria lacking DksA exhibit increase sensitivity to human serum, promote biofilm formation and capsule production. Not only does DksA show diverse phenotypes in vitro, but it also impacted on virulence in a niche specific manner during in vivo Galleria mellonella and murine infections. Our data collectively provides the detailed insight into the role of DksA in stress protection and virulence in A. baumannii and layout a roadmap for similar findings in other clinically important pathogens.

ORGANISM(S): Acinetobacter baumannii

PROVIDER: GSE169081 | GEO | 2022/09/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Bacteriophage P1 along with λ and T4 phages are among the best described bacterial viruses in molecular biology. For years, P1 features as well as its life cycle have been studied and its complete genome was published. Undeciphered phenomenon of improved P1vir lytic development in the absence of DksA protein in cell engaged us to more holistic experimental approach. Bacterial wild type and dksA strains were cultured to OD600 = 0.2. Next, P1vir was added, samples were withdrawn at 0, 10 and 30 minutes after P1vir infection. Total RNA was isolated and checked for quality using the Bioanalyzer 2100. The sequencing run was conducted on the Illumina NovaSeq6000 platform. 30 million pair-end reads per samples were assessed with 101 pb read length. Reference P1 phage genome sequence and annotations were downloaded from GenBank. We have discovered many changes in virus transcriptome. For instance: downregulation of phage genes encoding the main repressor of lysogeny C1 or proteins triggering cell lysis (e.g., lysozyme, holin) and upregulation of genes encoding antiholins in dksA mutant. This results support our gentle lysis hypothesis – less efficient lysis, combined with minor improvements of phage development which may lead to higher phage yield in DksA-devoid cells. We have observed upregulated expression of phage genes responsible for virion-parts production in the dksA mutant. Interestingly, expression of lysogeny-related c8 gene is upregulated in the dksA mutant. We speculate that P1vir developing in the dksA host is at the brink of lysogeny but is unable to established it and eventually enters the lytic pathway. We also found some interesting events in host cells upon infection. P1vir is taking control of the cellular protein, sugar and lipid metabolism in both, the wild type and dksA mutant hosts. However, in dksA mutant several genes involved in sulfur metabolism were uniquely upregulated. It remains unclear if this associates with obtaining new energy sources or with global reprograming via H2S signaling functions. Generally, the hosts are reacting by activating SOS response or upregulating the heat shock proteins. But we also found downregulation of proteolysis which was unique for the dksA strain. We believe that this extensive and comprehensive study not only finds reasonable explanations for the improved P1vir development in dksA strain, but also makes a great contribution to the field of P1 phage biology. Funding: This research was funded by the National Science Center, Poland (grant PRELUDIUM 2013/09/N/NZ2/01899 to G.M.C.)

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DksA acts as a transcriptional switch in stress and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii

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