Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of IL4/IL13 treated wild-type BMDMs
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized systems-based analysis of cellular pathways. The goals of this study are to compare NGS-derived IL4/IL13 treated BMDMs transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) methods. Methods: BMDMs mRNA profiles of 8 weeks old wild-type (WT) mice were generated, stimulated with IL4/IL13, IL4/IL13+ TNF or TNF, deep sequenced, in triplicate, using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 30 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm9). Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of IL4/IL13 or IL4/IL13+TNF stimulated BMDMs, with biologic replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology. The optimized data analysis workflows reported here should provide a framework for comparative investigations of expression profiles. Our results show that NGS offers a comprehensive and more accurate quantitative and qualitative evaluation of mRNA content within a cell or tissue. We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would expedite genetic network analyses and permit the dissection of complex biologic functions.
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE17914: IL13 and CCL2 Drive Disease in an Inflammatory Subset of Scleroderma [cGVHD] GSE24403: IL13 and CCL2 drive disease in an inflammatory subset of Scleroderma [IL13] GSE24409: IL13 and CCL2 drive disease in an inflammatory subset of Scleroderma [IL4] Refer to individual Series
Project description:Proteomics of carboxylated polystyrene bead (1.0 um) phagosomes from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. cells were either resting or treated with 100 U/ml IFN-γ (PeproTech) and 100 ng/ml LPS (Sigma) for 24 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-4 (IL4) (BD Pharmingen) for 48 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-13 (IL13), 10 ng/ml Interleukin-10 (IL10)for 48 h or Reprogrammed (IL4 was incubated with BMDMs for 24 h, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing IFN-γ/LPS to incubate for another 24 h). Phagosomes were isolated after 30 min bead inoculation.
Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade. sample vs reference. Total RNA isolated from a time course of primary adult dermal fibroblasts treated with 50nM recombinant IL4 over 24 hours
Project description:Excessive inflammation within the central nervous system is injurious, but an immune response is also required for its repair. Macrophages are versatile cells that adopt different properties depending upon their microenvironment. Exposing macrophages to interleukin-4 and -13 (IL4/IL13) has incurred interest for their reparative properties. Unexpectedly, while macrophages exposed to the classic pro-inflammatory signals (interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide, IFN/LPS) killed neurons and oligodendrocytes in culture, the addition of LPS to IL4/IL13-treated macrophages profoundly elevated IL10, repair metabolites (lactate, ornithine), glucose metabolism and the oligodendrocyte-trophic heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HBEGF); cells did not display pro-inflammatory or neurotoxic features. In mice with spinal cord demyelination, locally-applied IL4/IL13 was insufficient to alter responses beyond controls; remarkably, the LPS/IL4/IL13-treated animals significantly increased lesional phagocytic macrophages/microglia, lactate and HBEGF levels, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination. We report a remarkably reparative state of macrophages that is unexpectedly generated by the integration of pro- (LPS) and anti- (IL4/IL13) inflammatory activation cues.
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to establish the protective effect of ABX464 in DSS-induced colitis comparing transcript levels between cells (BMDMs) ABX464-treated stimulated or not by LPS. Methods: 24 intestinal macrophages mRNA profiles of three distinct group of BMDM cultures from mice were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina protocol. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with two methods: HISAT and Bowtie2 followed by genes expression quantification using a software package called RSEM. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped about 45 million sequence reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm9) and identified 1383 expressed genes in the LPS-stimulated BMDMs among which 439 and 397 genes increased and decreased in expression >= 1.5 log2-fold, respectively. Altered expression of some genes was confirmed with qPCR, demonstrating the high degree of sensitivity of the RNA-seq method. Hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes uncovered several as yet uncharacterized genes that may contribute to inflammatory function. Data analysis with HISAT/Bowtie2 and RSEM workflows revealed a significant overlap yet provided complementary insights in transcriptome profiling. Conclusions: Our study represents the detailed analysis of BMDMs transcriptomes, with biologic samples, generated by RNA-seq technology. The optimized data analysis workflows reported here should provide a framework for comparative investigations of expression profiles. Our results show that NGS offers a comprehensive and more accurate quantitative and qualitative evaluation of mRNA content within a cell. We conclude that RNA-seq based transcriptome characterization would expedite genetic network analyses and permit the dissection of complex biologic functions.
Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade.
Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade. sample vs reference. Total RNA isolated from a time course of primary adult dermal fibroblasts treated with 50nM recombinant IL13 over 24 hours
Project description:The type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 reside within a multi-gene cluster in mammals. These cytokines represent the hallmark of type 2 immune responses controlling parasites and promoting tissue repair, as well as causing allergic diseases. Both innate and adaptive lymphocytes secrete type 2 cytokines with discordant production spectra. We took a holistic structural and functional view of the type 2 cytokine locus before and after activation, comparing innate (ILC2) and adaptive (Th2) lymphocytes to understand mechanisms underlying their distinctive programs. Rapid induction of IL-5 dominates in ILC2, whereas IL-4 does so in Th2 cells. Using high-resolution chromatin conformation capture we found that global cellular chromatin architecture remained constant, whereas the type 2 cytokine locus rapidly remodeled. In ILC2, Il13 and Il5 loci were aligned in proximity whereas Il4 locus was insulated. In Th2 cells, Il4 and Il13 positioned in proximity while the Il5 locus remained distal. Select REs were individually deleted in mice to confirm cell-type specific and activation-dependent roles in type 2 responses in vivo. Thus, contrary to the premise that chromatin architecture plays a minimal role in steady-state gene induction, signal-dependent remodeling of 3D configuration underlies the discordant cytokine outputs in ILC2s versus Th2 cells.