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TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE169715 | GEO | 2022/02/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Similar Datasets

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment.

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observe that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immunosuppressive signatures. We demonstrate that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) independent of its telomerase activity to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and trigger interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that TERT-induced ERV/interferon signalling stimulates the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induces the infiltration of suppressive T-cell populations with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERV/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

| S-EPMC8982579 | biostudies-literature

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observe that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immunosuppressive signatures. We demonstrate that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) independent of its telomerase activity to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and trigger interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that TERT-induced ERV/interferon signalling stimulates the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induces the infiltration of suppressive T cell populations with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERV/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

| S-SCDT-EMBOR-2021-52984V1 | biostudies-other

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment III

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observed that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immune-suppressive signatures. We demonstrated that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which were sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and triggered interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that TERT-induced ERVs/interferon signalling stimulated the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induced suppressed T cell infiltration with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERVs/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

2022-02-22 | GSE169714 | GEO

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment II

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observed that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immune-suppressive signatures. We demonstrated that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which were sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and triggered interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that TERT-induced ERVs/interferon signalling stimulated the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induced suppressed T cell infiltration with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERVs/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

2022-02-22 | GSE169713 | GEO

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment I

Project description:Telomerase plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by both telomere-dependent and telomere-independent activities, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) across 9,264 tumour samples, we observed that expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is closely associated with immune-suppressive signatures. We demonstrated that TERT can activate a subclass of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) to form double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which were sensed by the RIG-1/MDA5-MAVS signalling pathway and triggered interferon signalling in cancer cells. Furthermore, we showed that TERT-induced ERVs/interferon signalling stimulated the expression of chemokines, including CXCL10, which induced suppressed T cell infiltration with increased percentage of CD4+ and FOXP3+ cells. These data reveal an unanticipated role for telomerase as a transcriptional activator of ERVs and provide strong evidence that TERT-mediated ERVs/interferon signalling contributes to immune suppression in tumours.

2022-02-22 | GSE169711 | GEO

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

Project description:TERT activates endogenous retroviruses to promote an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment

| PRJNA717744 | ENA

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment I

Project description:TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment I

| PRJNA717750 | ENA

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment III

Project description:TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment III

| PRJNA717753 | ENA

TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment II

Project description:TERT activates endogenous retroviruses contributing to immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment II

| PRJNA717754 | ENA

Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy.

Project description:B cells are frequently found in the margins of solid tumours as organized follicles in ectopic lymphoid organs called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS)1,2. Although TLS have been found to correlate with improved patient survival and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the underlying mechanisms of this association remain elusive1,2. Here we investigate lung-resident B cell responses in patients from the TRACERx 421 (Tracking Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Evolution Through Therapy) and other lung cancer cohorts, and in a recently established immunogenic mouse model for lung adenocarcinoma3. We find that both human and mouse lung adenocarcinomas elicit local germinal centre responses and tumour-binding antibodies, and further identify endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope glycoproteins as a dominant anti-tumour antibody target. ERV-targeting B cell responses are amplified by ICB in both humans and mice, and by targeted inhibition of KRAS(G12C) in the mouse model. ERV-reactive antibodies exert anti-tumour activity that extends survival in the mouse model, and ERV expression predicts the outcome of ICB in human lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, we find that effective immunotherapy in the mouse model requires CXCL13-dependent TLS formation. Conversely, therapeutic CXCL13 treatment potentiates anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with ICB. Our findings provide a possible mechanistic basis for the association of TLS with immunotherapy response.

| S-EPMC10115647 | biostudies-literature

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