Epigenetic environment of histone H3.3 on promoters revealed by integration of imaging, ChIP-chip, and MeDIP-chip data
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ABSTRACT: Epigenetic environment of histone H3.3 on promoters revealed by integration of imaging and genome-scale chromatin and methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation information. Chromatin regions with different transcriptional outputs are distinguished by the deposition of histone variants. Histone H3.3 is incorporated into chromatin in a replication-independent manner; yet the relationship between H3.3 deposition, chromatin environment is incompletely understood. We have integrated imaging and genome-scale chromatin and methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation approaches to investigate the genomic distribution of epitope-tagged H3.3 in relation to histone modifications, DNA methylation and transcription. Results: Imaging shows that H3.3, in contrast to replicative H3.1 or H2B, is enriched in chromatin marked by histone modifications of active genes. A genome-wide survey identifies 1,649 H3.3-enriched promoters, only a subset of which is co-enriched in H3K4me3, H3K9me3 and/or H3K27me3, with a preference for H3K4me3, corroborating imaging data. H3.3-enriched promoters are depleted of H3.3 at the TSS in a transcription-independent manner. H3.3 is found predominantly on CpG-rich unmethylated promoters, creating a condition favourable for transcription. In undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells, H3.3 target genes are linked to signaling and mesodermal differentiation, suggesting that H3.3 may be a mark of lineage priming. Conclusions: A minor fraction of H3.3 is targeted to promoters, which are predominantly CpG-rich, DNA unmethylated and devoid of detectable trimethylated H3K4, K9 and K27. Among H3.3 target promoters co-marked by methylated H3, H4K4me3 is preferred, with or without H3K27me3, arguing that in mesenchymal stem cells H3.3 marks transcriptionally active or potentially active promoters. Key words: Imaging, ChIP-chip, MeDIP-chip, histone H3.3, mesenchymal stem cells
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE17053 | GEO | 2010/05/12
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA117783
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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