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Cross-Species Analysis Defines the Conservation of Anatomically-Segregated VMH Neuron Populations

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Macaca mulatta

PROVIDER: GSE172207 | GEO | 2021/05/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cross-species analysis defines the conservation of anatomically segregated VMH neuron populations.

Project description:The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) controls diverse behaviors and physiologic functions, suggesting the existence of multiple VMH neural subtypes with distinct functions. Combing translating ribosome affinity purification with RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) data with single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data, we identified 24 mouse VMH neuron clusters. Further analysis, including snRNA-seq data from macaque tissue, defined a more tractable VMH parceling scheme consisting of six major genetically and anatomically differentiated VMH neuron classes with good cross-species conservation. In addition to two major ventrolateral classes, we identified three distinct classes of dorsomedial VMH neurons. Consistent with previously suggested unique roles for leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing VMH neurons, Lepr expression marked a single dorsomedial class. We also identified a class of glutamatergic VMH neurons that resides in the tuberal region, anterolateral to the neuroanatomical core of the VMH. This atlas of conserved VMH neuron populations provides an unbiased starting point for the analysis of VMH circuitry and function.

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Cross-Species Analysis Defines the Conservation of Anatomically-Segregated VMH Neuron Populations

Project description:Cross-Species Analysis Defines the Conservation of Anatomically-Segregated VMH Neuron Populations

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Conservation of anatomically restricted glycosaminoglycan structures in divergent nematode species.

Project description:Heparan sulfates (HS) are glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrices and characterized by complex modification patterns owing to sulfations, epimerization, and acetylation. Distinct HS modification patterns have been shown to modulate protein-protein interactions during development in general and of the nervous system in particular. This has led to the heparan sulfate code hypothesis, which posits that specifically modified HS epitopes are distributed in a tissue and cell-specific fashion to orchestrate neural circuit formation. Whether an HS code exists in vivo, how specific or how evolutionarily conserved the anatomical distribution of an HS code may be has remained unknown. Here we conduct a systematic comparison of HS modification patterns in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using transgenic expression of 33 different HS-specific single chain variable fragment antibodies. We find that some HS modification patterns are widely distributed in the nervous system. In contrast, other HS modification patterns appear highly cell-specific in both non-neuronal and neuronal cells. Some patterns can be as restricted in their localization as to single neurites or synaptic connections between two neurons. This restricted anatomical localization of specific HS patterns can be evolutionarily conserved over a span of 80-100 million years in the divergent nematode species Caenorhabditis briggsae suggesting structural and, possibly functional conservation of glycosaminoglycan structures similar to proteins. These findings suggest a HS code with subcellularly localized, unique glycan identities in the nervous system.

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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series

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Cross-species analysis across 450 million years of evolution reveals conservation and divergence of the microglia program

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Segregated expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters defines distinct astrocyte populations in the mouse hippocampus.

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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Project description:BackgroundThe Elaeis oleifera genetic materials were assembled from its center of diversity in South and Central America. These materials are currently being preserved in Malaysia as ex situ living collections. Maintaining such collections is expensive and requires sizable land. Information on the genetic diversity of these collections can help achieve efficient conservation via maintenance of core collection. For this purpose, we have applied fourteen unlinked microsatellite markers to evaluate 532 E. oleifera palms representing 19 populations distributed across Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.ResultsIn general, the genetic diversity decreased from Costa Rica towards the north (Honduras) and south-east (Colombia). Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed a single cluster indicating low divergence among palms. The phylogenetic tree and STRUCTURE analysis revealed clusters based on country of origin, indicating considerable gene flow among populations within countries. Based on the values of the genetic diversity parameters, some genetically diverse populations could be identified. Further, a total of 34 individual palms that collectively captured maximum allelic diversity with reduced redundancy were also identified. High pairwise genetic differentiation (Fst > 0.250) among populations was evident, particularly between the Colombian populations and those from Honduras, Panama and Costa Rica. Crossing selected palms from highly differentiated populations could generate off-springs that retain more genetic diversity.ConclusionThe results attained are useful for selecting palms and populations for core collection. The selected materials can also be included into crossing scheme to generate offsprings that capture greater genetic diversity for selection gain in the future.

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Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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