Project description:Liver plays major roles in vital functions including responses to energy deprivation. It is known that body composition and fuel metabolism differs between genders. However there are many unclear aspects related to metabolic pathways affected by feeding level and gender, which could be addressed by transcriptome analyses. To date, no published study in porcine liver has investigated the effects of both gender and feeding level on global gene expression level.We performed a gene expression analysis, using microarrays, in hepatic samples of pigs of the obese Iberian breed to analyze feeding level and gender effects. Results showed that feeding level leads to small expression differences, while gender leads to larger ones. Biological interpretation of the differentially expressed genes conditional on feeding level showed an overrepresentation of genes implicated in general metabolic processes, responses to stimulus and stress, oxidoreductase activity, calcium ion binding and lipid, organic acid and carbohydrate metabolisms. We validated the expression difference of PHYHD1 by qRT-PCR; however we could not validate the expression differences of other relevant genes. Curiously, validation of PGK1, considered reference gene, confirmed expression differences conditional on feeding level and gender. The annotation of the differentially expressed probes for gender effect allowed to observe sex-chromosome enrichment and dosage compensation phenomena in liver. Biological interpretation showed overrepresentation of genes related with oxidoreductase and transferase activities, lipid, organic acid, carbohydrate and steroid metabolisms and genes related with metabolites generation and energy and electron transport. Aside from 13 consistently across tissue differentially expressed genes between gender, gender hepatic expression dimorphism of key genes involved in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms and antioxidant capacity were also detected. A deeper qRT-PCR analysis showed a downregulation in entire males of all major genes implicated in hepatic degradation processes of androstenone and skatole. We have identified changes in hepatic gene expression conditional on feeding and gender. Reduction of around 25% in feeding level do not lead to great differences but gender effect leads not only to a larger number of differentially expressed probes, but much larger expression differences. Validation of microarray results is needed mainly for small expression differences. Experiment Overall Design: Eight liver samples from eight animals at slaughter, 211 days old, four males and four females, four under high feeding level and four under 25% restriction.

Project description:Breed, gender and diet are factors affecting porcine metabolism. The aim of this study has been to investigate the gene expression patterns of the major sites for lipid metabolism, liver and fat, conditional on gender and on a moderate feeding restriction in Iberian pigs, as a model of obese porcine breed. Our results show that tissue effect account for more differentially expressed genes than gender or feeding restriction. The results obtained from the comparison between tissues support the studies showing adipose tissue is not only a fat-storage depot, we report a high number of upregulated genes in adipose tissue which represent relevant biological functions such as carbohydrate and energy metabolisms and endocrine function. Besides, key genes implicated in lipid metabolism are specifically overrepresented in liver or fat, particularly the differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid synthesis support previous studies showing that in pig, as in cattle or sheep, this process largely occurs in fat. We identified metabolic differences between genders such as oxidation capacity or response to toxins, reflected at gene expression level in liver but no in adipose tissue, contrarily to previous studies. Finally, our results seem to indicate that a moderate feeding restriction does not have large effects on liver or fat gene expression of obese pigs. Although the list of differentially expressed genes due to the effect of feeding restriction is limited, we could identify expression differences in genes related to antiageing mechanisms associated with feeding restriction as enhancement of immune response and anticoagulation and the balance between prosurvival and cell-death. Breed, gender and diet are factors affecting porcine metabolism. The aim of this study has been to investigate the gene expression patterns of the major sites for lipid metabolism, liver and fat, conditional on gender and on a moderate feeding restriction in Iberian pigs, as a model of obese porcine breed. Our results show that tissue effect account for more differentially expressed genes than gender or feeding restriction. The results obtained from the comparison between tissues support the studies showing adipose tissue is not only a fat-storage depot, we report a high number of upregulated genes in adipose tissue which represent relevant biological functions such as carbohydrate and energy metabolisms and endocrine function. Besides, key genes implicated in lipid metabolism are specifically overrepresented in liver or fat, particularly the differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid synthesis support previous studies showing that in pig, as in cattle or sheep, this process largely occurs in fat. We identified metabolic differences between genders such as oxidation capacity or response to toxins, reflected at gene expression level in liver but no in adipose tissue, contrarily to previous studies. Finally, our results seem to indicate that a moderate feeding restriction does not have large effects on liver or fat gene expression of obese pigs. Although the list of differentially expressed genes due to the effect of feeding restriction is limited, we could identify expression differences in genes related to antiageing mechanisms associated with feeding restriction as enhancement of immune response and anticoagulation and the balance between prosurvival and cell-death. 16 liver and subcutaneous backfat samples from eight animals at slaughter, 211 days old, four males and four females, four under high feeding level and four under 20% restriction

Project description:Breed, gender and diet are factors affecting porcine metabolism. The aim of this study has been to investigate the gene expression patterns of the major sites for lipid metabolism, liver and fat, conditional on gender and on a moderate feeding restriction in Iberian pigs, as a model of obese porcine breed. Our results show that tissue effect account for more differentially expressed genes than gender or feeding restriction. The results obtained from the comparison between tissues support the studies showing adipose tissue is not only a fat-storage depot, we report a high number of upregulated genes in adipose tissue which represent relevant biological functions such as carbohydrate and energy metabolisms and endocrine function. Besides, key genes implicated in lipid metabolism are specifically overrepresented in liver or fat, particularly the differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid synthesis support previous studies showing that in pig, as in cattle or sheep, this process largely occurs in fat. We identified metabolic differences between genders such as oxidation capacity or response to toxins, reflected at gene expression level in liver but no in adipose tissue, contrarily to previous studies. Finally, our results seem to indicate that a moderate feeding restriction does not have large effects on liver or fat gene expression of obese pigs. Although the list of differentially expressed genes due to the effect of feeding restriction is limited, we could identify expression differences in genes related to antiageing mechanisms associated with feeding restriction as enhancement of immune response and anticoagulation and the balance between prosurvival and cell-death. Breed, gender and diet are factors affecting porcine metabolism. The aim of this study has been to investigate the gene expression patterns of the major sites for lipid metabolism, liver and fat, conditional on gender and on a moderate feeding restriction in Iberian pigs, as a model of obese porcine breed. Our results show that tissue effect account for more differentially expressed genes than gender or feeding restriction. The results obtained from the comparison between tissues support the studies showing adipose tissue is not only a fat-storage depot, we report a high number of upregulated genes in adipose tissue which represent relevant biological functions such as carbohydrate and energy metabolisms and endocrine function. Besides, key genes implicated in lipid metabolism are specifically overrepresented in liver or fat, particularly the differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid synthesis support previous studies showing that in pig, as in cattle or sheep, this process largely occurs in fat. We identified metabolic differences between genders such as oxidation capacity or response to toxins, reflected at gene expression level in liver but no in adipose tissue, contrarily to previous studies. Finally, our results seem to indicate that a moderate feeding restriction does not have large effects on liver or fat gene expression of obese pigs. Although the list of differentially expressed genes due to the effect of feeding restriction is limited, we could identify expression differences in genes related to antiageing mechanisms associated with feeding restriction as enhancement of immune response and anticoagulation and the balance between prosurvival and cell-death.

Project description:The liver plays a central role in vertebrate glucose homeostasis, and is also one of the most sexually dimorphic organs in terms of gene expression. While the extent of hepatic sexual dimorphism has been well described in mammals, little is known regarding this phenomenon in non-mammalian species, particularly fish. In this study, we examined hepatic gene expression and physiological phenotypes (growth, proximate body composition, retention efficiencies) to determine whether male and female zebrafish respond differently to diets comprised of 0, 15, 25, or 35 % carbohydrate. Using both Affymetrix microarrays and qRTPCR, we observed substantial sexual dimorphism in the hepatic transcriptome, and the response of some genes to dietary carbohydrate manipulation also varied by sex. Males upregulated genes associated with oxidative metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, and amelioration of oxidative stress, while females had higher expression levels of genes associated with translation. Males also expressed elevated levels of hnf4Î±, a gene thought to be involved in regulating hepatic sexual dimorphism in the rodent. Dietary carbohydrate affected hepatic gene expression, growth performance, retention efficiencies of protein and energy, and percentage of moisture, lipid, and ash. Significant diet effects reflected differences between the 0% carbohydrate diet and the other diets, consistent with previous work on other cyprinids showing a high tolerance for dietary carbohydrate. Our data support the use of the zebrafish as a model for the study of both normal and disease states associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and highlight the importance of accounting for both sex and diet; The liver plays a central role in vertebrate glucose homeostasis, and is also one of the most sexually dimorphic organs in terms of gene expression. While the extent of hepatic sexual dimorphism has been well described in mammals, little is known regarding this phenomenon in non-mammalian species, particularly fish. In this study, we examined hepatic gene expression and physiological phenotypes (growth, proximate body composition, retention efficiencies) to determine whether male and female zebrafish respond differently to diets comprised of 0, 15, 25, or 35 % carbohydrate. Using both Affymetrix microarrays and qRTPCR, we observed substantial sexual dimorphism in the hepatic transcriptome, and the response of some genes to dietary carbohydrate manipulation also varied by sex. Males upregulated genes associated with oxidative metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, and amelioration of oxidative stress, while females had higher expression levels of genes associated with translation. Males also expressed elevated levels of hnf4Î±, a gene thought to be involved in regulating hepatic sexual dimorphism in the rodent. Dietary carbohydrate affected hepatic gene expression, growth performance, retention efficiencies of protein and energy, and percentage of moisture, lipid, and ash. Significant diet effects reflected differences between the 0% carbohydrate diet and the other diets, consistent with previous work on other cyprinids showing a high tolerance for dietary carbohydrate. Our data support the use of the zebrafish as a model for the study of both normal and disease states associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and highlight the importance of accounting for both sex and diet Experiment Overall Design: 17 samples are analyzed from a factorial combination of sex (male or female) and dietary treatment (0% or 25% dietary carbohydrate). 5 biological replicates for females fed each diet, and 3 or 4 biological replicates for males fed the 0% and 25% diets, respectively.

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Expression data from porcine hepatic tissue of males and females fed with two feeding levels

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