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Disordered breathing in Pitt Hopkins syndrome involves disruption of parafacial respiratory neurons and aberrant expression of Nav1.8.

ABSTRACT: Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare autism spectrum-like disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays and breathing problems involving episodes of hyperventilation followed by apnea. PTHS is caused by functional haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding transcription factor 4 (Tcf4). Despite the severity of this disease, virtually nothing is known regarding mechanisms contributing to PTHS behavioral abnormalities, and candidate therapeutic targets are lacking. Here, we show that a Tcf4 truncation (Tcf4tr/+) mouse model of PTHS recapitulates respiratory phenotypes observed in PTHS patients. The basis of this behavior deficit involves selective loss of putative expiratory parafacial neurons and compromised function of neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus that regulate breathing in response to tissue CO2/H+. We also show that central Nav1.8 channels can be targeted pharmacologically to improve respiratory function at the cellular and behavioral levels in Tcf4tr/+ mice, thus establishing Nav1.8 as a high priority target with therapeutic potential in PTHS.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE174417 | GEO | 2021/09/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Disordered breathing in Pitt Hopkins syndrome involves disruption of parafacial respiratory neurons and aberrant expression of Nav1.8.

Project description:Disordered breathing in Pitt Hopkins syndrome involves disruption of parafacial respiratory neurons and aberrant expression of Nav1.8.

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Project description:Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare autism spectrum-like disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays, and breathing problems involving episodes of hyperventilation followed by apnea. PTHS is caused by functional haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding transcription factor 4 (Tcf4). Despite the severity of this disease, mechanisms contributing to PTHS behavioral abnormalities are not well understood. Here, we show that a Tcf4 truncation (Tcf4tr/+) mouse model of PTHS exhibits breathing problems similar to PTHS patients. This behavioral deficit is associated with selective loss of putative expiratory parafacial neurons and compromised function of neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus that regulate breathing in response to tissue CO2/H+. We also show that central Nav1.8 channels can be targeted pharmacologically to improve respiratory function at the cellular and behavioral levels in Tcf4tr/+ mice, thus establishing Nav1.8 as a high priority target with therapeutic potential in PTHS.

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Ventral parafacial inhibitory neurons regulate baseline breathing by a mechanism involving disinhibition

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Patient-derived brain organoids uncover reversible cellular abnormalities in Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome

Project description:We evaluate cellular phenotypic abnormalities and alterations in molecular pathways due to mutations in the gene TCF4 in cells derived from Pitt-Hopkins patients, in comparison with respective controls (parents).

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Project description:The vast majority of cold sensitive DRG neurons from mice do not express the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8. Therefore, we aimed to compare the molecular profiles of NaV1.8 and non-NaV1.8-expressing neurons using microarray analysis. Fluorescent activated cell sorting was performed at 4 degrees centigrade on acutely dissociated DRG neurons from mice expressing NaV1.8-Cre, Pirt-GCaMP3 and a Cre-dependent global reporter (td tomato). NaV1.8-expressing neurons were sorted based on their reporter fluorescence (td tomato; red) and putative cold sensing neurons were sorted based on their GCaMP3 fluorescence at 4 degrees centigrade and absence of Cre-dependent reporter fluorescence. A total of three mice were used (samples one, two and three) with GCaMP3 only and NaV1.8-expressing neurons forming two relative populations within each sample (eg. GC3 one is the experimental counterpart of Tom one).

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TCF4, schizophrenia, and Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome.

Project description:Genome-wide association studies allied with the identification of rare copy number variants have provided important insights into the genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. Recently, a meta-analysis of several genome-wide association studies found, in addition to several other markers, a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 4 of the TCF4 gene that was associated with schizophrenia. TCF4 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that interacts with other transcription factors to activate or repress gene expression. TCF4 mutations also cause Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome, an autosomal-dominant neurodevelopmental disorder associated with severe mental retardation. Variants in the TCF4 gene may therefore be associated with a range of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including schizophrenia. Recessive forms of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome are caused by mutations in NRXN1 and CNTNAP2. Interestingly, NRXN1 deletions have been reported in schizophrenia, whereas CNTNAP2 variants are associated with several neuropsychiatric phenotypes. These data suggest that TCF4, NRXN1, and CNTNAP2 may participate in a biological pathway that is altered in patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

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