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Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression within the amacrine cell layer of chicks following optical defocus

ABSTRACT: Ocular growth is regulated locally by signals produced in the retina that ultimately act on the growth of the scleral tissue. Consequently, a number of studies have investigated changes in retinal gene expression during manipulation of ocular growth in an attempt to elucidate the biochemical pathways underlying eye growth. However, due to the highly heterogenous nature of the retina, important changes in gene expression can be masked. Therefore, this study has investigated changes in gene expression specifically within the retinal amacrine cell layer, the most likely generator of growth signals, during manipulations of ocular growth.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE17758 | GEO | 2010/06/17

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA118299

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression within the amacrine cell layer of chicks following optical defocus

Project description:Ocular growth is regulated locally by signals produced in the retina that ultimately act on the growth of the scleral tissue. Consequently, a number of studies have investigated changes in retinal gene expression during manipulation of ocular growth in an attempt to elucidate the biochemical pathways underlying eye growth. However, due to the highly heterogenous nature of the retina, important changes in gene expression can be masked. Therefore, this study has investigated changes in gene expression specifically within the retinal amacrine cell layer, the most likely generator of growth signals, during manipulations of ocular growth. Chicks were monocularly treated with either -7D (n=3, growth stimulant) or +7D (n=3, growth suppressant) lenses for 24hrs, with untreated age-matched chicks serving as a control (n=3). Total RNA from the amacrine cell layer was isolated from laser-capture microdissected (Zeiss, Bernried, Germany) 10Âµm thick sections. Labeled cRNA was prepared from three separate samples per condition and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Chicken Genome arrays.

2010-07-08 | E-GEOD-17758 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Retinal gene expression in chicks during imposed myopic defocus

Project description:The retina plays an important regulatory role in ocular growth. To screen for new retinal candidate genes that could be involved in the inhibition of ocular growth, we used chick microarrays to analyze the changes in retinal mRNA expression after myopic defocus was imposed by positive lens-wear. Chicks were raised under a 12h-light/12h-dark cycle (light-onset: 8:00 am and light-offset: 8:00 pm) with unrestricted access to water and food. On the day prior to the experiment, velcro rings were glued to the feathers around the eye under diethylether anaesthesia. Four male white leghorn chicks, aged 9 days, wore +6.9D spectacle lenses over both eyes for 24 hours. Four untreated age-matched male chicks from the same batch served as controls. After decapitation of the chicks, the eyes were enucleated and the retina was prepared. The retinae from both eyes of each chick were pooled for RNA isolation. Keywords: gene expression comparison

2008-08-22 | GSE11439 | GEO

Transcription profiling of chicken retinal gene expression during imposed myopic defocus

2008-11-04 | E-GEOD-11439 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Image defocus and altered retinal gene expression in chicks

Project description:Because refractive development is governed largely by the retina, we analyzed the retinal transcriptome in chicks wearing a spectacle lens, a well-established means to induce refractive errors, to identify gene expression alterations and to develop novel mechanistic hypotheses about refractive development. One-week-old white Leghorn chicks wore a unilateral spectacle lens of + or –15 diopters for 6 hours or 3 days (n=6 for each condition). With total RNA from the retina/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Affymetrix Chicken GeneChips were used to compare gene expression levels between lens-wearing and contralateral control eyes. Normalized microarray signal intensities were evaluated by an analysis of variance approach. Selected differentially expressed genes were validated by qPCR in biologically independent samples.

2011-08-10 | E-GEOD-24641 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Image defocus and altered retinal gene expression in chicks

2011-08-11 | GSE24641 | GEO

Short term optical defocus perturbs normal developmental shifts in retina/RPE protein abundance

Project description:Myopia (short-sightedness) affects approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide, many of whom will become blind from secondary ophthalmic conditions. The pathophysiology of myopia has been investigated by rearing young animals with monocular negative lenses or occluders that stimulate excessive ocular growth. Although a wide range of gene and protein expression changes have been identified in these myopia models, how these expression responses vary across different ocular growth conditions (including normal ocular development and hyperopia induced by positive lenses) remains poorly understood. Accordingly, this study has examined the trajectory of protein pathway expression shifts during normal development, and lens-induced myopia and hyperopia, in the widely used chick model.

2018-08-13 | PXD008818 | Pride

Genome-wide analysis of retinal transcriptome reveals common genetic network underlying perception of contrast and optical defocus detection

Project description:Refractive eye development is regulated by optical defocus in a process of emmetropization. Excessive exposure to negative optical defocus often leads to the development of myopia. However, it is still largely unknown how optical defocus is detected by the retina. Here, we used genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to conduct analysis of the retinal genetic networks underlying contrast perception and refractive eye development. We report that the genetic network subserving contrast perception plays an important role in optical defocus detection and emmetropization. Our results demonstrate an interaction between contrast perception, the retinal circadian clock pathway and the signaling pathway underlying optical defocus detection. We also observe that the relative majority of genes causing human myopia are involved in the processing of optical defocus. Together, our results support the hypothesis that optical defocus is perceived by the retina using contrast as a proxy and provide new insights into molecular signaling underlying refractive eye development.

2021-06-03 | GSE158732 | GEO

Scleral miRNA profiles in adult and fetal eyes

Project description:Introduction: In human eyes, ocular enlargement/ growth, reflects active scleral extracellular matrix remodeling. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing with target sequences, and serve as nodes of signaling networks. We hypothesized that the sclera, like most tissues, expresses miRNAs, some of which modulate genes regulating ocular growth. In this study, the scleral miRNA expression profile of rapidly growing human fetal eyes was compared with that of stable adult donor eyes using high-throughput microarray and quantitative PCR analyses. Results: Human sclera expressed several miRNAs. Microarray comparison of adult and fetal samples revealed many to be differentially expressed (p<0.01, min p= 6.5x10^11), with increased expression of collagen specific mir-214, let-7c, let-7e, mir-103, mir-107, and mir-98 in fetal sclera subsequently confirmed (1.5 to 4 fold changes, p<0.01). For both adult and fetal samples, no significant differences in miRNA expression profiles of sclera from posterior and peripheral ocular regions were observed. Conclusion: This is the first study to catalogue miRNA expression in human sclera. The sclera expresses several miRNAs, some of which show age-related differential regulation, higher in rapidly growing fetal eyes, consistent with a role in ocular growth regulation. These findings may be useful for linking scleral miRNA expression with potential manipulation in disorders such as scleral ectasia/ axial myopia.

2017-02-09 | GSE46435 | GEO

Gene expression profiling of mouse sclera during post-natal development

Project description:Although there have been studies conducted on cornea and retina growth and development, postnatal gene expression studies on sclera growth during postnatal growth has not been well characterised. Given that the mouse genome has 85% homology to the human genome and has been completely sequenced, mouse model for the study of ocular growth has advantages over other animal models. Thus, we aimed to study the biology and genetics behind sclera growth during post-natal development in Balb/cJ mice as a means to understand genetic changes that cause scleral growth and development during post-natal eye development The purpose of this study was to identify the genes underlying the development of mouse sclera post-natal growth of the posterior chamber of the eye using microarray Total RNA was isolated from single cryogenically ground mouse sclera (n=30, 6 samples each from week 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-and 8-old mice), reverse-transcribed and hybridized onto a Affymetrix mouse gene 1.0 ST array.We sought to use microarray to determine the gene expression profiles of mouse sclera from different age groups and identify the developmental genes that are involved in postnatal ocular growth.

2011-03-22 | E-GEOD-28056 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Regulation of retinal amacrine cell generation by miR-216b and Foxn3 [PAR-CLIP]

Project description:The mammalian retina contains a complex mixture of different types of neurons. We find that the microRNA miR-216b is preferentially expressed in postmitotic retinal amacrine cells in the mouse retina, and expression of miR-216a/b and miR-217 in the retina depend in part on Ptf1a, a transcription factor required for amacrine cell differentiation. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-216b, or the related miR-216a, can direct the formation of additional amacrine cells in the developing retina. In addition, we observe the loss of bipolar neurons in the retina after miR-216b expression. We identify the mRNA for the transcriptional regulator Foxn3 as a retinal target of miR-216b by Argonaute PAR-CLIP and reporter analysis. Inhibition of Foxn3 in the postnatal developing retina by RNAi also increases the formation of amacrine cells and reduces bipolar cell formation, while overexpression of Foxn3 inhibits amacrine cell formation prior to the expression of Ptf1a. Disruption of Foxn3 by CRISPR in embryonic retinal explants also reduces amacrine cell formation. Co-expression of Foxn3 partially reverses the effects of ectopic miR-216b on retinal cell type formation. Our results identify Foxn3 as a novel regulator of interneuron formation in the developing retina and suggest that miR-216b likely regulates expression of Foxn3 and other genes in amacrine cells.

2021-12-22 | GSE165827 | GEO

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