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Transcriptome-wide Gene Expression Analysis in Peri-Implantitis Reveals Candidate Cellular Pathways

ABSTRACT: Transcriptome analysis of oral tissue samples taken from peri-implantitis and healthy control patients Peri-implantitis is a condition resulting in destructive inflammation in the peri-implant soft tissue barrier. Clinically, it demonstrates vast clinical differences to periodontitis that suggests distinct inflammatory mechanisms. Implant-derived Titanium particles (i-TiPs) frequently found around diseased implants appear to alter the microenvironment and confer resistance to antibiotic treatments. Studies in orthopedic implants have demonstrated a strong inflammatory response to i-TiPs, involving a variety of cell types, in aseptic conditions. Nonetheless, the genetic programs of cells surveilling and supporting the peri-implant soft tissue barrier in response to the combined challenges of biomaterial degradation products and oral bacteria are poorly defined. Thus, we studied gene expression specific to oral peri-implant inflammatory disease. We found that certain cellular pathways were highly upregulated in diseased tissues. Upregulated pathways provided insight into important physiological pathways that might play a role in peri-implant pathology. These findings could potentially contribute to the production of more targeted and effective therapeutics for the disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE178351 | GEO | 2021/06/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Oral health is associated with a symbiotic microbial community and host-microbe homeostasis is maintained by the controlled immune response. Various factors can disrupt this homeostasis. Dysbiosis, which is characterized by increased immune response and a shift in the microbiome, contributes the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. Peri-implant mucosa and commensal bacteria play important roles in the maintenance of host-microbe homeostasis, but little is known about how they interact. We have therefore investigated the early host-microbe interaction between a commensal multispecies biofilm (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and peri-implant mucosa at 24 and 48 h. Our in vitro peri-implant mucosa-biofilm model contained organotypic oral mucosa, implant material and biofilm. After 24 h, the biofilm induced a modest innate immune response in the peri-implant mucosa by the upregulation of 5 genes related to immune and inflammatory response and the increased secretion of IL-6 and CCL20. This controlled immune response protected tissue integrity and the peri-implant mucosa remained intact. The secreted antibacterial proteins human β-Defensins-1, -2, and CCL20 controlled the overgrowth of the biofilm by reducing its volume - without affecting the live/dead ratio or bacterial distribution. Thus, host-microbe homeostasis was established within the first 24 h. In contrast, host-microbe homeostasis was disrupted after 48 h. The mucosa was damaged and detached from the implant, due to the induced downregulation of cell adhesion related genes. The immune response was enhanced by upregulation of additional genes related to the immune and inflammatory response and increased secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. Moreover, bacterial distribution was altered, with an increased proportion of V. dispar. The disrupted host-microbe homeostasis could lead to incipient dysbiosis. This deeper understanding of the early host-microbe interaction at the peri-implant site may provide the basis for new strategies to improve the prevention and therapy of peri-implant diseases.

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Transcriptome-wide Gene Expression Analysis in Peri-Implantitis Reveals Candidate Cellular Pathways

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