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Integrative Analysis of Sorghum Bicolor Green Prop Roots Under Elevated CO2 and Water Deficit Conditions

ABSTRACT: Elevated CO2 (E[CO2]) improves the biomass and yield when combined with water-stress in C4 plants. Although several studies described the molecular response of the C4 plant Sorghum bicolor during drought exposure, none reported its combinatorial effect with E[CO2] in the roots. We decided to perform a molecular analysis using green prop roots, the portion of the radicular system photosynthetically active and more sensible to drought. Whole-transcriptome analysis identified 394 up- and 1,471 down-regulated genes. Among the E[CO2] induced pathways, photosynthesis stood out. Carbon fixation, phenylpropanoid, phenolic compounds, and fatty acid biosynthesis-related pathways were repressed. Protein family analysis showed induction of chlorophyll a-b binding protein family, and repression of glutathione-related enzymes. Protein-protein interaction networks exhibited well-defined clusters, including genes related to cell organization and biogenesis, oxireduction process, and photosynthesis being induced. The findings suggest that the E[CO2] mitigates the water deficit by antioxidant and osmoregulation activity, as well as by accumulation of sugaralcohols in the green prop roots, which may be responsible by the increase in biomass together with the cell proliferation. The higher carbon uptake explains the increase in photosynthetic and primary metabolism activities. Our data revealed that green prop roots present an intriguing metabolism under water deficit and E[CO2], showing its crucial role in the drought tolerance acquisition in a predicted future global atmosphere.

ORGANISM(S): Sorghum bicolor

PROVIDER: GSE179109 | GEO | 2021/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana to a combination of heatwave and drought under ambient and elevated CO2. Goal of this study was elucidate the transcriptional responses to a combination of heat wave and drought, and to see how these responses are modifed under future climate (high) CO2. Climate changes increasingly threaten plant growth and productivity. Such changes are complex and involve multiple environmental factors, including rising CO2 levels and climate extreme events. As the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant responses to realistic future climate extreme conditions are still poorly understood, a multiple organizational level-analysis (i.e. eco-physiological, biochemical and transcriptional) was performed, using Arabidopsis exposed to incremental heat wave and water deficit under elevated CO2.The climate extreme resulted in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, and considerable increases in stress parameters. Photosynthesis was a major target as demonstrated at the physiological and transcriptional levels. In contrast, the climate extreme treatment induced a protective effect on oxidative membrane damage, most likely as a result of strongly increased lipophilic antioxidants and membrane-protecting enzymes. Elevated CO2 significantly mitigated the negative impact of a combined heat and drought, as apparent in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, chlorophyll fluorescence decline, H2O2 production and protein oxidation. Analysis of enzymatic and molecular antioxidants revealed that the stress-mitigating CO2 effect operates through up-regulation of antioxidant defense metabolism, as well as by reduced photorespiration resulting in lowered oxidative pressure. Therefore, exposure to future climate extreme episodes will negatively impact plant growth and production, but elevated CO2 is likely to mitigate this effect. Transcriptome analysis was performed by Agilent Arabidopsis (V4) 4x44K platform which represented all known genes in the Arabidopsisgenome. Experiments were performed using a modified loop design (Knapen et al., 2009). This design consisted of total 8 arrays; sample from each treatment was labelled once and has 4 biological replicates, two of which were labelled in red and two in green

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Integrative Analysis of Sorghum Bicolor Green Prop Roots Under Elevated CO2 and Water Deficit Conditions

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