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A phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjuvant Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Pretreatment Epstein-Barr Virus DNA-selected High-Risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

ABSTRACT: 420 locoregionally advanced NPC patients underwent pEBV DNA screening. 156 patients (37.1%) who had pEBV DNA ≥4000 copies/mL were included and randomly assigned to CCRT plus TIL infusion group (n=78) and CCRT alone group (n=78). Outcomes were classified as patients with a poor outcome (nonresponders) and patients with a favorable outcome (responders). Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for infused TIL products in responder and non-responder.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE179224 | GEO | 2024/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Although preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgical mesorectal resection is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal carcinomas, it is still difficult to predict which patients will respond to treatment. We explored how differential stromal transcriptomic profiles from microdissected pretreatment rectal biopsies can be used to define an immunohistochemical score based on two CAF-specific proteins for predicting neoadjuvant treatment response. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of stroma and tumour glands from responder and non-responder patients shows that most changes were associated with the stromal compartment. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs codify mainly for extracellular matrix and ribosomal components. We built a CAF-specific classifier with genes showing monotonic changes in expression according to the tumour regression grade (coefficient >1; FN1, COL3A1, COL1A1, MMP2 and IGFBP5). These are the genes that display the biggest a priori differences in expression between non-responder and responder stroma. We translated these five genes at the protein level by means of immunohistochemical staining in a cohort of 38 patients. For predictive purposes we used a leave-one-out cross-validated (LOOCV) model with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%. Classifier optimisation with Random Forest identified FN1 and COL3A1 as the best predictors. Rebuilding the LOOCV regression model improved the classification performance with a PPV of 89.5% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73.7%. An independent cohort of 36 patients was used to validate the classifier performance, which had a PPV of 84.2% and an NPV of 70.6%. In a multivariate analysis the two-protein classifier proved to be the only independent predictor of response (HR=2.58; P=0.003). We also explored a pharmacogenomic approach to gather information about possible therapeutic strategies for non-responder patients. In conclusion, we developed a two-protein immunohistochemical classifier that performs well at predicting the absence of response to neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer.

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A phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjuvant Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Pretreatment Epstein-Barr Virus DNA-selected High-Risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

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