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Autism risk gene KMT5B deficiency in prefrontal cortex induces synaptic dysfunction and social deficits via alterations of DNA repair and gene transcription

ABSTRACT: We performed RNAseq experiments to examine genome-wide transcriptional changes in PFC of shRNA-Kmt5b KD mice compared to GFP injected control mice.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE181807 | GEO | 2021/08/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Deficiency of Autism Risk Factor Ash1l in Prefrontal Cortex Induces Genetic Aberrations, Synaptic Imbalance and Severe Seizures

Project description:We performed RNAseq experiments to examine genome-wide transcriptional changes in PFC of shRNA-ASH1L KD mice compared to GFP injected control mice.

2021-08-12 | GSE181819 | GEO

Autism risk gene KMT5B deficiency in prefrontal cortex induces synaptic dysfunction and social deficits via alterations of DNA repair and gene transcription.

Project description:Large-scale genetic screening has identified KMT5B (SUV420H1), which encodes a histone H4 K20 di- and tri-methyltransferase highly expressed in prefrontal cortex (PFC), as a top-ranking high-risk gene for autism. However, the biological function of KMT5B in the brain is poorly characterized, and how KMT5B deficiency is linked to autism remains largely unknown. Here we knocked down Kmt5b in PFC and examined behavioral and electrophysiological changes, as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice with Kmt5b deficiency in PFC display social deficits, a core symptom of autism, without the alteration of other behaviors. Kmt5b deficiency also produces deficits in PFC glutamatergic synaptic transmission, which is accompanied by the reduced synaptic expression of glutamate receptor subunits and associated proteins. Kmt5b deficiency-induced reduction of H4K20me2 impairs 53BP1-mediated DNA repair, leading to the elevation of p53 expression and its target gene Ddit4 (Redd1), which is implicated in synaptic impairment. RNA-sequencing data indicate that Kmt5b deficiency results in the upregulation of genes enriched in cellular stress response and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Collectively, this study has revealed the functional role of Kmt5b in the PFC, and suggests that Kmt5b deficiency could cause autistic phenotypes by inducing synaptic dysfunction and transcriptional aberration.

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Selective oxytocin receptor activation prevents prefrontal circuit dysfunction and social behavioral alterations in response to chronic prefrontal cortex activation in rats

Project description:Social behavioral changes are a hallmark of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, nevertheless the underlying neural substrates of such dysfunction remain poorly understood. Building evidence points to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as one of the key brain regions that orchestrates social behavior. We used this concept with the aim to develop a translational rat model of social-circuit dysfunction, the chronic PFC activation model (CPA). Chemogenetic designer receptor hM3Dq was used to induce chronic activation of the PFC over 10 days, and the behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of prolonged PFC hyperactivity were evaluated. To test the sensitivity of this model to pharmacological interventions on longer timescales, and validate its translational potential, the rats were treated with our novel highly selective oxytocin receptor (OXTR) agonist RO6958375, which is not activating the related vasopressin V1a receptor. CPA rats showed reduced sociability in the three-chamber sociability test, and a concomitant decrease in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission within the PFC as measured by electrophysiological recordings in acute slice preparation. Sub-chronic treatment with a low dose of the novel OXTR agonist following CPA interferes with the emergence of PFC circuit dysfunction, abnormal social behavior and specific transcriptomic changes. These results demonstrate that sustained PFC hyperactivity modifies circuit characteristics and social behaviors in ways that can be modulated by selective OXTR activation and that this model may be used to understand the circuit recruitment of prosocial therapies in drug discovery.

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Epigenetic Rescue of Autism-like Social Deficits in Shank3-Deficient Mouse Models

Project description:To determine whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has genome-wide effects on gene expression, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the mRNA profile in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of wild-type (WT) and Shank3-deficient (Shank3+/ΔC) mice treated with romidespin or saline control. We mapped the sequences to 24,420 mouse genes. Compared to WT, 365 genes in saline-treated Shank3+/ΔC mice showed a change in expression values of at least 1.2 fold and p ≤ 0.01 (213 downregulated, 152 upregulated). In romidepsin-treated Shank3+/ΔC mice, ~88% of the downregulated genes (n=187 genes) were normalized to control values. Further analysis of the romidepsin-restored genes revealed enrichment in actin cytoskeleton-mediated transport, signal transduction pathways, and developmental processes.

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Amelioration of autism-like social deficits by targeting histone methyltransferases EHMT1/2 in Shank3-deficient mice

Project description:Many of the genes disrupted in autism are identified as histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodelers, most prominently those that mediate histone methylation/demethylation. However, the role of histone methylation enzymes in the pathophysiology and treatment of autism remains unknown. To address this, we used mouse models of haploinsufficiency of the Shank3 gene (a highly penetrant monogenic autism risk factor), which exhibits prominent autism-like social deficits. We found that histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2, as well as histone lysine 9 dimethylation (specifically catalyzed by EHMT1/2), were selectively increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Shank3-deficient mice and autistic human postmortem brains. Treatment with the EHMT1/2 inhibitor UNC0642 or knockdown of EHMT1/2 in PFC induced a robust rescue of autism-like social deficits in Shank3-deficient mice, and restored NMDAR-mediated synaptic function. Activityregulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) was identified as one of the causal factors underlying the rescuing effects of UNC0642 on NMDAR function and social behaviors in Shank3-deficient mice. UNC0642 treatment also restored a large set of genes involved in neural signaling in PFC of Shank3-deficient mice. These results suggest that targeting histone methylation enzymes to adjust gene expression and ameliorate synaptic defects could be a potential therapeutic strategy for autism.

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Autism risk gene KMT5B deficiency in prefrontal cortex induces synaptic dysfunction and social deficits via alterations of DNA repair and gene transcription

Project description:Autism risk gene KMT5B deficiency in prefrontal cortex induces synaptic dysfunction and social deficits via alterations of DNA repair and gene transcription

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(LCMS)/MS studies of prefrontal cortex synaptosomal fractions in Eef2 HET mice - eEF2 in the prefrontal cortex regulates excitatory synaptic transmission and social novelty behavior.

Project description:To investigate the protein expression changes at the synapse induced by Eef2 reduction, we performed (LCMS)/MS-based proteomic analysis in crude synaptosome preparations from the PFC of WT and Eef2 HET mice.

2022-08-15 | PXD034864 | Pride

A Convergent Mechanism of High Risk Factors ADNP and POGZ in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Project description:We performed RNAseq experiments to examine genome-wide transcriptional changes in PFC of shRNA-Adnp and shRNA-Pogz KD mice compared to GFP injected controls mice.

2021-11-17 | GSE188865 | GEO

The influence of early life stress on social behavior and transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex.

Project description:Early life stress (ELS), such as neglect and maltreatment, exhibits a strong impact on the mental and brain development of children. However, it is not fully understood how ELS affects the function in developing prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, we performed social isolation on weaned pre-adolescent mice and investigated how ELS could affect the function in behavior and transcriptome in PFC. We found that reductions of social interaction, social preference, and social novelty in ELS mice. Moreover, an increase of anxiety-like behavior was observed in ELS mice, but there were no changes in weight and repetitive behavior. To identify the gene involved in social behavior, we conducted transcriptome analysis and identified 15 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the PFC of ELS mice. These genes were involved in transcriptional regulation, stress, and synaptic signaling. We also found that a decreased number of neurons and an increased number of microglia in the PFC of ELS mice. These results suggest that ELS affects PFC cytoarchitecture by stress signal transduction and eventually alters mouse behavior. Our study demonstrates that ELS influences behavior, transcriptome and cytoarchitecture in the brain of adolescent mice.

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