Similar Datasets
Project description:We investigated the effect of feeding mice a Total Western Diet formulated using the 50th percentile daily intake levels for macro and micronutrients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with 0, 2, 5, or 10% added raw potato starch on the cecal microbiome (16S) and cecum, proximal and distal colon gene expression by RNASeq analysis.
2022-04-13 | GSE182456 | GEO
Project description:We investigated the effect of feeding mice a Total Western Diet formulated using the 50th percentile daily intake levels for macro and micronutrients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with 0, 2, 5, or 10% added raw potato starch on the cecal microbiome (16S) and cecum, proximal and distal colon gene expression by RNASeq analysis.
2022-04-13 | GSE182457 | GEO
Project description:We investigated the effect of feeding mice a Total Western Diet formulated using the 50th percentile daily intake levels for macro and micronutrients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with 0, 2, 5, or 10% added raw potato starch on the cecal microbiome (16S) and cecum, proximal and distal colon gene expression by RNASeq analysis.
2022-04-13 | GSE182454 | GEO
Project description:Obesity and dyslipidemia are hallmarks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), a soluble fiber has lipid lowering effects. We hypothesize that PDX reduces triglycerides and cholesterol by influencing gut microbiota, which in turn modulate intestinal gene expression. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) ±75?mg PDX twice daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting plasma lipids, caecal microbiota and gene expression in intestine and liver were measured after 14 days of feeding. PDX supplementation to WD significantly reduced food intake (p?<?0.001), fasting plasma triglyceride (p?<?0.001) and total cholesterol (p?<?0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae taxa associated with lean phenotype, increased in WD?+?PDX mice. Gene expression analysis with linear mixed-effects model showed consistent downregulation of Dgat1, Cd36, Fiaf and upregulation of Fxr in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in WD?+?PDX mice. Spearman correlations indicated that genera enriched in WD?+?PDX mice inversely correlated with fasting lipids and downregulated genes Dgat1, Cd36 and Fiaf while positively with upregulated gene Fxr. These results suggest that PDX in mice fed WD promoted systemic changes via regulation of the gut microbiota and gene expression in intestinal tract.
| S-EPMC5509720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Potato starch is one of the most important renewable sources for industrial manufacturing of organic compounds. Currently, it is produced from mixed potato varieties that often are harvested from different fields. Meanwhile, tuber starches of various potato breeds differ in their crystallinity, granule morphology, and other physical and chemical parameters. We studied the reactions of raw potato starches of different origins to chemical and biochemical reactions typically used for industrial starch modification. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the reactivity of the starches of different potato genotypes. While the main products of the transformations are the same, their preparative yields differ significantly. Thus, tuber starch of certain potato varieties may be more suitable for specific industrial purposes. Starch reactivity may potentially be a phenotypical trait for potato breeding to obtain potato starches for various industrial applications.
| S-EPMC7795658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To investigate and compare the effects of two common dietary phytosterols, stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol, in altering lipid metabolism and attenuating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS:Stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol were administered to mice at 0.4% in a high-fat western-style diet (HFWD) for 17?weeks. RESULTS:Stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol significantly ameliorated HFWD-induced fatty liver and metabolic abnormalities, including elevated levels of hepatic total lipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol and liver histopathology. Both phytosterols decreased the levels of intestinal bile acids, accompanied by markedly increased fecal lipid levels. In addition, they altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. ?-Sitosterol was less effective in affecting most of these parameters. Lipidomic analysis of liver and serum samples showed that stigmasterol prevented the HFWD-induced elevation of some di- and triacylglycerol species and lowering of some phospholipid species. Stigmasterol also decreased serum levels of ceramides. CONCLUSION:Stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol, at a dose corresponding to that suggested for humans by the FDA for lowering cholesterol levels, are shown to alleviate HFWD-induced NAFLD. Stigmasterol was more effective than ?-sitosterol, possibly because of its suppression of hepatic lipogenic gene expression and modulation of circulating ceramide levels.
| S-EPMC6226309 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We recently showed that Western diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance promotes endothelial cortical stiffness in young female mice. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that regular aerobic exercise would attenuate the development of endothelial and whole artery stiffness in female Western diet-fed mice. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sedentary (ie, caged confined, n=6) or regular exercise (ie, access to running wheels, n=7) conditions for 16 weeks. Exercise training improved glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in body weight and body composition. Compared with sedentary mice, exercise-trained mice exhibited reduced endothelial cortical stiffness in aortic explants (sedentary 11.9±1.7 kPa versus exercise 5.5±1.0 kPa; P<0.05), as assessed by atomic force microscopy. This effect of exercise was not accompanied by changes in aortic pulse wave velocity (P>0.05), an in vivo measure of aortic stiffness. In comparison, exercise reduced femoral artery stiffness in isolated pressurized arteries and led to an increase in femoral internal artery diameter and wall cross-sectional area (P<0.05), indicative of outward hypertrophic remodeling. These effects of exercise were associated with an increase in femoral artery elastin content and increased number of fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina (P<0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that the aortic endothelium is highly plastic and, thus, amenable to reductions in stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in the absence of changes in in vivo whole aortic stiffness. Comparatively, the same level of exercise caused destiffening effects in peripheral muscular arteries, such as the femoral artery, that perfuse the working limbs.
| S-EPMC5063712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:LV hypertrophy is associated with Western diet consumption, while intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with anti-hypertrophic effects. We treated rats for 12 weeks with either a Control diet, a Western diet or a Western + DHA diet. For each of the 3 dietary treatments there were 2 pooled samples of heart tissue (with each pooled sample representing 5 rats) for a total of 6 arrays. Microarray analysis identified 66 differentially expressed transcripts. Pathways were identified using Ingenuity and DAVID software. Array results from two pooled samples (5 rats in each pool) for n=10 per treatment group were used for comparisons. Comparisons between Western vs. Control, Western + DHA vs. Control and Western + DHA vs. Western diets was subjected to analysis to generate log fold changes. A dietary treatment of 12 weeks was used in an effort to produce LVH while limiting the development of comorbidities. Microarray analysis was performed on pooled samples, followed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Groups were Control, Western and Western + DHA. Comparisons between groups are expressed as LogFC (i.e. LogFC_WESvCTRL, LogFC_DHAVCTRL, LogFC_DHAvWES), available in Series supplementary files.
2013-11-22 | E-GEOD-52603 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:LV hypertrophy is associated with Western diet consumption, while intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with anti-hypertrophic effects. We treated rats for 12 weeks with either a Control diet, a Western diet or a Western + DHA diet. For each of the 3 dietary treatments there were 2 pooled samples of heart tissue (with each pooled sample representing 5 rats) for a total of 6 arrays. Microarray analysis identified 66 differentially expressed transcripts. Pathways were identified using Ingenuity and DAVID software. Array results from two pooled samples (5 rats in each pool) for n=10 per treatment group were used for comparisons. Comparisons between Western vs. Control, Western + DHA vs. Control and Western + DHA vs. Western diets was subjected to analysis to generate log fold changes.
2013-11-22 | GSE52603 | GEO
Project description:The objective of this study was to determine bacterial community profiles of the equine cecum in response to abrupt inclusion of varying levels of dietary starch. Seven cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings (497 to 580 kg) were used in a crossover design with two 28-d periods and a 28-d washout between each. Horses were randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of a commercial concentrate offered as fed at either 0.6 (low starch [LS]) or 1.2% BW (high starch [HS]) daily that was divided into 2 meals at 12-h intervals. Prior to the start of each period, horses were allowed ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass () hay. Concentrate was fed on d 1 with no adaptation. Cecal fluid was collected on d 1 at h 0 and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 h relative to the initial concentrate meal on d 1. Additional samples were collected 6 h after feeding on d 2, 3, and 7 of each period. Cecal contents were used to determine pH and VFA concentrations and extract microbial DNA. The V4 through V6 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced on the Roche 454 FLX platform. Sequence analysis was performed with QIIME, and data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cecal pH tended to decrease ( = 0.09) in horses fed HS in the first 12 h after the first concentrate meal and remained lower ( ? 0.05) the following 7 d. Total VFA were greater ( ? 0.05) in horses fed HS in the initial 12 h and 7 d after addition of concentrate. Species richness determined using the Chao1 index was unchanged ( > 0.20) over the initial 12 h and decreased ( = 0.01) over 7 d for both treatments. Community diversity determined using the Shannon index tended to decrease ( = 0.06) over the 7 d. Relative abundances of Paraprevotellaceae were greater ( ? 0.05) in HS in the first 12 h. Over 7 d, relative abundances of Paraprevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were greater ( ? 0.05) in HS compared with LS. Abrupt and short-term exposure to dietary starch does alter cecal fermentation and microbial community structure in horses, but the impact on horse health is unknown.
| S-EPMC6095290 | biostudies-literature