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Genomic and epigenetics guided identification of tissue-specific genomic safe harbor sites for gene therapy

ABSTRACT: One common strategy in gene and cell therapies requires the integration and stable transcription of transgenes into the host cell genomes. Genomic safe harbors (GSHs) are regions of the genome that can maintain the expression of transgenes without disrupting the transcriptome of host cells. With recent advances in genome editing technology, GSHs play an increasingly important role in improving the efficiency and safety of genome engineering. However, limited candidate GSHs have been identified. In addition, many parameters currently used to identify GSHs are not knowledge based and none of the current available GSHs meet all the ideal safety requirement. In this study, we use the polymorphic mobile element insertions (pMEIs) that naturally occur among healthy human populations to facilitate GSHs searching. By integrating pMEIs with epigenomic signatures and 3D chromatin organization information, we developed a framework to map cell typespecific GSHs. We applied our framework to pMEIs identified in the 1000 Genomes project and GTEX projects and identified novel GSHs Candidates in blood and brain cells. We further validated that a transgene cassette integrated in one novel GSH can be stably transcribed without affecting normal proliferation and differentiation of host cells. We also developed a user-friendly program to search for GSHs in different population and cell types.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE183935 | GEO | 2021/09/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Genomics and epigenetics guided identification of tissue-specific genomic safe harbors.

Project description:BackgroundGenomic safe harbors are regions of the genome that can maintain transgene expression without disrupting the function of host cells. Genomic safe harbors play an increasingly important role in improving the efficiency and safety of genome engineering. However, limited safe harbors have been identified.ResultsHere, we develop a framework to facilitate searches for genomic safe harbors by integrating information from polymorphic mobile element insertions that naturally occur in human populations, epigenomic signatures, and 3D chromatin organization. By applying our framework to polymorphic mobile element insertions identified in the 1000 Genomes project and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, we identify 19 candidate safe harbors in blood cells and 5 in brain cells. For three candidate sites in blood, we demonstrate the stable expression of transgene without disrupting nearby genes in host erythroid cells. We also develop a computer program, Genomics and Epigenetic Guided Safe Harbor mapper (GEG-SH mapper), for knowledge-based tissue-specific genomic safe harbor selection.ConclusionsOur study provides a new knowledge-based framework to identify tissue-specific genomic safe harbors. In combination with the fast-growing genome engineering technologies, our approach has the potential to improve the overall safety and efficiency of gene and cell-based therapy in the near future.

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Therapeutic globin expression in thalassemia patient induced pluripotent stem cells from genomic safe harbors

Project description:The advent of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells enables for the first time the derivation of unlimited numbers of patient-specific stem cells and holds great promise for regenerative medicine. However, realizing the full potential of iPS cells requires robust, precise and safe strategies for their genetic modification. Safe human iPS cell engineering is especially needed for therapeutic applications, as stem cell-based therapies that rely on randomly integrated transgenes pose oncogenic risks. Here we describe a strategy to genetically modify iPS cells from patients with beta-thalassemia in a potentially clinically relevant manner. Our approach is based on the identification and selection of âsafe harborâ sites for transgene expression in the human genome. We show that thalassemia patient iPS cell clones harboring a transgene can be isolated and screened according to chromosomal position. We next demonstrate that iPS cell clones that meet our âsafe harborâ criteria resist silencing and allow for therapeutic levels of beta-globin expression upon erythroid differentiation without perturbation of neighboring gene expression. Combined bioinformatics and functional analyses thus provide a robust and dependable approach for achieving desirable levels of transgene expression from selected chromosomal loci. This approach may be broadly applicable to introducing therapeutic or suicide genes into patient specific iPS cells for use in cell therapy. iPS cell clones were derived from beta-thalassemia patients. A single copy of beta-globin transgene cis-linked to locus control region (LCR) elements and an excisable Neo-eGFP transcription unit were inserted into these cell clones. beta-globin expression was induced by erythroid differentiation.

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Integrating Omics and CRISPR Technology for Identification and Verification of Genomic Safe Harbor Loci in the Chicken Genome.

Project description:BackgroundOne of the most prominent questions in the field of transgenesis is 'Where in the genome to integrate a transgene?'. Escape from epigenetic silencing and promoter shutdown of the transgene needs reliable genomic safe harbor (GSH) loci. Advances in genome engineering technologies combined with multi-omics bioinformatics data have enabled rational evaluation of GSH loci in the host genome. Currently, no validated GSH loci have been evaluated in the chicken genome.ResultsHere, we analyzed and experimentally examined two GSH loci in the genome of chicken cells. To this end, putative GSH loci including chicken HIPP-like (cHIPP; between DRG1 and EIF4ENIF1 genes) and chicken ROSA-like (cROSA; upstream of the THUMPD3 gene) were predicted using multi-omics bioinformatics data. Then, the durable expression of the transgene was validated by experimental characterization of continuously-cultured isogenous cell clones harboring DsRed2-ΔCMV-EGFP cassette in the predicted loci. The weakened form of the CMV promoter (ΔCMV) allowed the precise evaluation of GSH loci in a locus-dependent manner compared to the full-length CMV promoter.ConclusionscHIPP and cROSA loci introduced in this study can be reliably exploited for consistent bio-manufacturing of recombinant proteins in the genetically-engineered chickens. Also, results showed that the genomic context dictates the expression of transgene controlled by ΔCMV in GSH loci.

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