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IFNalpha-blockade during ART-treated SIV infection lowers tissue vDNA, rescues immune function, and improves overall health

ABSTRACT: The induction of type I interferons during acute viral infections drives local and systemic anti-viral responses. However, in chornic virus infection these type I interferon driven responses can be detrimental and can be characterized impaired immune responses (greater T cell exhaustion) and an overall decline in health outcomes. To parse out the role of type I IFN and assess the therapeutic impact of blocking type I IFN, we administered IFN-a blocking antibody to a cohort of SIV-infected ART treated Maccaca mulata. After 9 weeks of treatment (1 injection per week), we observed a significant reduction in the SIV-DNA levels in the lymphnode. This reduced SIV reservoir was seem with a systemic increase in immune cell subset signatures associated with better CD8 T cell function and lower plasma levels of TGF-beta. In addition, upon interruption of ART (16 weeks after ART initiation and after 16 rounds of anti-IFNa infusion), we observed that the non-human primates that underwent type I interferon blockade maintained better overall health and hemoglobin levels.

ORGANISM(S): Macaca mulatta

PROVIDER: GSE184495 | GEO | 2021/09/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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