Activation of p63 initiates quality control programs in oocytes
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE184704 | GEO | 2022/03/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Activation of p63 initiates quality control programs in oocytes
| PRJNA765695 | ENA
Project description:Mammalian oocytes are arrested in the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I for long periods of time, during which the high concentration of the p53 family member TAp63α sensitizes them to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. TAp63α is kept in an inactive and exclusively dimeric state but undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced tetramerization and concomitant activation upon detection of DNA damage. Here we show that the TAp63α dimer is a kinetically trapped state. Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization interface. Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction.
| S-EPMC4876613 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Migration of meiosis-I (MI) spindle from the cell center to a sub-cortical location is a critical step for mouse oocytes to undergo asymmetric meiotic cell division. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which formin-2 (FMN2) orchestrates the initial movement of MI spindle. By defining protein domains responsible for targeting FMN2, we show that spindle-periphery localized FMN2 is required for spindle migration. The spindle-peripheral FMN2 nucleates short actin bundles from vesicles derived likely from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and concentrated in a layer outside the spindle. This layer is in turn surrounded by mitochondria. A model based on polymerizing actin filaments pushing against mitochondria, thus generating a counter force on the spindle, demonstrated an inherent ability of this system to break symmetry and evolve directional spindle motion. The model is further supported through experiments involving spatially biasing actin nucleation via optogenetics and disruption of mitochondrial distribution and dynamics.
| S-EPMC6959240 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Eukaryotic cells have to prevent the export of unspliced pre-mRNAs until intron removal is completed to avoid the expression of aberrant and potentially harmful proteins. Only mature RNAs associate with the export receptor Mex67 (mammalian TAP) and enter the cytoplasm. The underlying nuclear quality control mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that two shuttling SR-proteins Gbp2 and Hrb1 are key surveillance factors for the selective export of spliced mRNAs in yeast. Their absence leads to the significant leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs into the cytoplasm. They bind to pre-mRNAs and the spliceosome during splicing, where they are necessary for the surveillance of splicing and the stable binding of the TRAMP-complex to the spliceosome-bound transcripts. Faulty transcripts are marked for their degradation at the nuclear exosome. On correct mRNAs the SR-proteins recruit Mex67 upon completion of splicing to allow a quality controlled nuclear export. Altogether, these data identify a role for shuttling SR-proteins in mRNA surveillance and nuclear mRNA quality control. 6 samples, i.e. 2 replicates per protein Gbp2, Hrb1 and Npl3
2013-12-04 | E-GEOD-52808 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Limited oocyte and ovarian reserve in vivo or chemo-therapy leads to reproductive aging or premature aging and associated diseases including infertility. Excitingly, oocytes have been successfully derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by ectopic expression of transcription factors, showing great potential in fertility preservation or restoration. The accessible granulosa cells are a type of somatic cells that interact and evolve with oocyte development during folliculogenesis. Further, with stem cells-like property, granulosa cells are amenable to reprogramming to generate iPSCs and have been the first used for clone animals. These prompted us to explore the potential of granulosa cells in derivation of germ cells. Meanwhile, the strict genome fidelity required for germ cells inspired us to test reprograming by complete small chemicals, which avoids genetic manipulation, cell transfection and destruction of embryos. Here we show that somatic granulosa cells of adult mouse ovaries can be converted to germ cells and functional oocytes that reproduce fertile pups. We are able to consistently induce granulosa cells to pluripotent state (gPSCs) like ESCs in both developmental competence and molecular signatures. Notably, crotonic sodium-facilitated crotonylation is critical not only for pure small chemicals-based reprogramming of granulosa cells to gPSCs, but also confers the gPSCs with high germline capacity. Consequently, the gPSCs and the derived primordial germ-cell like cells hold longer telomeres and maintain high genomic stability which is critical for germ cells. Taken together, we efficiently generate high quality gPSCs and functional oocytes from adult granulosa cells by significantly improving chemical reprograming approach.
2019-03-06 | GSE127833 | GEO
Project description:In this project, we identified an uncharted subcompartment of the C. elegans germ granule, which we termed the E granule. We show that the E granule is required for the synthesis of a specialized class of 22G-RNAs.
2024-06-21 | PXD053319 |
Project description:Germ-soma differentiation is a hallmark of complex multicellular organisms, yet its origins are not well understood. Volvox carteri is a simple multicellular green alga that has recently evolved a simple germ-soma dichotomy with only two cell types: large germ cells called gonidia and small terminally differentiated somatic cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the gonidial and somatic transcriptomes of Volvox to uncover fundamental differences between the molecular and metabolic programming of these cell types. We found extensive transcriptome differentiation between cell types, with somatic cells expressing a more specialized program overrepresented in younger, lineage-specific genes and gonidial cells expressing a more generalist program overrepresented in more ancient genes that shared striking overlap with metazoan stem-cell-specific genes. Directed analyses of metabolic pathways revealed a strong dichotomy between cell types with gonidial cells expressing growth-related genes and somatic cells expressing an altruistic metabolic program geared towards the assembly of flagella, which support organismal motility, and the conversion of storage carbon to sugars, which act as donors of extracellular matrix glycoproteins whose secretion enables massive organismal expansion. Volvox orthologs of Chlamydomonas diurnally regulated genes were analyzed for cell-type distribution and found to be strongly partitioned, with expression of dark-phase genes overrepresented in somatic cells and light-phase genes overrepresented in gonidial cells, a result that is consistent with cell type programs in Volvox arising by cooption of temporal regulons in a unicellular ancestor. Together our findings reveal fundamental molecular, metabolic, and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the origins of germ-soma differentiation in Volvox and provide a template for understanding the acquisition of germ-soma differentiation in other multicellular lineages.
2017-12-11 | GSE104835 | GEO
Project description:The excitement and controversy surrounding the potential role of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in transplantation therapy have often overshadowed their potentially more important use as a basic research tool for understanding the development and function of human tissues. Human ES cells can proliferate without a known limit and can form advanced derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. What is less widely appreciated is that human ES cells can also form the extra-embryonic tissues that differentiate from the embryo before gastrulation. The use of human ES cells to derive early human trophoblast is particularly valuable, because it is difficult to obtain from other sources and is significantly different from mouse trophoblast. Here we show that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, induces the differentiation of human ES cells to trophoblast. DNA microarray, RT-PCR, and immunoassay analyses demonstrate that the differentiated cells express a range of trophoblast markers and secrete placental hormones. When plated at low density, the BMP4-treated cells form syncytia that express chorionic gonadotrophin (CG). These results underscore fundamental differences between human and mouse ES cells, which differentiate poorly, if at all, to trophoblast. Human ES cells thus provide a tool for studying the differentiation and function of early human trophoblast and could provide a new understanding of some of the earliest differentiation events of human postimplantation development. Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series. Using regression correlation
2005-11-03 | E-GEOD-3553 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Reconstitution of female germ-cell development in vitro is a key challenge in reproductive biology and medicine. We show here that female (XX) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in mice are induced into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs), which, when aggregated with female gonadal somatic cells as reconstituted ovaries, develop pre-meiotic germ cell characteristics, including X-reactivation, imprint erasure, and cyst formation. Upon transplantation under ovarian bursa, PGCLCs in the reconstituted ovaries mature into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, which, through in vitro maturation and fertilization, contribute to fertile offspring. Our culture system serves as a robust foundation for the investigation of key properties of female germ cells, including the acquisition of totipotency, and for the reconstitution of whole female germ-cell development in vitro.
2012-11-05 | GSE40716 | GEO
Project description:Eukaryotic cells have to prevent the export of unspliced pre-mRNAs until intron removal is completed to avoid the expression of aberrant and potentially harmful proteins. Only mature RNAs associate with the export receptor Mex67 (mammalian TAP) and enter the cytoplasm. The underlying nuclear quality control mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that two shuttling SR-proteins Gbp2 and Hrb1 are key surveillance factors for the selective export of spliced mRNAs in yeast. Their absence leads to the significant leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs into the cytoplasm. They bind to pre-mRNAs and the spliceosome during splicing, where they are necessary for the surveillance of splicing and the stable binding of the TRAMP-complex to the spliceosome-bound transcripts. Faulty transcripts are marked for their degradation at the nuclear exosome. On correct mRNAs the SR-proteins recruit Mex67 upon completion of splicing to allow a quality controlled nuclear export. Altogether, these data identify a role for shuttling SR-proteins in mRNA surveillance and nuclear mRNA quality control.
2013-12-04 | GSE52808 | GEO