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Primordial germ cells identified as one potential cell of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

ABSTRACT: Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and highly aggressive pediatric neoplasms. Their epigenetically-driven intertumoral heterogeneity is well described; however, the cellular origin of RT remains an enigma. Here, we established and characterized different genetically engineered mouse models driven under the control of distinct promoters and being active in early progenitor cell types with diverse embryonic onsets. From all models only Sox2-positive progenitor cells give rise to murine RT. Using single-cell analyses, we identified distinct cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subgroups of RT, rooting in early stages of embryogenesis. Intra- and extracranial MYC tumors harbor common genetic programs and potentially originate from fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using PGC specific Smarcb1 knockout mouse models we validated that MYC RT originate from these progenitor cells. We uncovered an epigenetic imbalance in MYC tumors compared to PGCs being sustained by epigenetically-driven subpopulations. Importantly, treatments with the DNA demethylating agent decitabine successfully impaired tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE188654 | GEO | 2022/01/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Primordial germ cells identified as one potential cell of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

Project description:Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and highly aggressive pediatric neoplasms. Their epigenetically-driven intertumoral heterogeneity is well described; however, the cellular origin of RT remains an enigma. Here, we established and characterized different genetically engineered mouse models driven under the control of distinct promoters and being active in early progenitor cell types with diverse embryonic onsets. From all models only Sox2-positive progenitor cells give rise to murine RT. Using single-cell analyses, we identified distinct cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subgroups of RT, rooting in early stages of embryogenesis. Intra- and extracranial MYC tumors harbor common genetic programs and potentially originate from fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using PGC specific Smarcb1 knockout mouse models we validated that MYC RT originate from these progenitor cells. We uncovered an epigenetic imbalance in MYC tumors compared to PGCs being sustained by epigenetically-driven subpopulations. Importantly, treatments with the DNA demethylating agent decitabine successfully impaired tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

2022-01-28 | GSE188815 | GEO

Primordial germ cells identified as one potential cell of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

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HDAC and NFκB antagonists synergistically inhibit growth and metastatic dissemination of MYC-driven medulloblastoma

Project description:Aberrant oncogenic activation of MYC drives tumorigenesis in the most aggressive subset of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Metastatic dissemination at diagnosis and at recurrence is commonly observed in MYC-driven medulloblastomas. Since these tumors display remarkable resistance to standard multimodal therapeutic approaches, epigenetic modulators commonly altered in these tumors are highly promising targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we report on a cross-entity, high-throughput epigenetic drug screen to evaluate therapeutic vulnerabilities in the most common malignant primary brain tumors. Specifically, we performed a primary screen including 78 epigenetic inhibitors and a secondary screen including 20 histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to compare response profiles in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT, n=11), medulloblastoma (n=14), and glioblastoma (n=14). This unbiased approach revealed preferential activity of HDACi in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Importantly, the class I selective HDACi CI-994 showed significant cell viability reduction mediated by induction of apoptosis in MYC-driven medulloblastoma, with little to no activity in non-MYC-driven medulloblastoma, AT/RT, and glioblastoma in vitro. Notably, CI-994 displayed antitumoral effects at the primary site and the metastatic compartment in two orthotopic mouse models of MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Furthermore, synergistic drug screening and RNA sequencing revealed NFκB pathway induction as a mechanism of resistance to CI-994 treatment. Taken together, our findings identified MYC pathway activation as a predictive biomarker for epigenetic treatment intervention in high-risk medulloblastoma and provide a preclinical rationale for further exploration of CI-994 combined with NFκB pathway inhibitors in the treatment of MYC-driven medulloblastoma.

2019-12-13 | GSE123760 | GEO

Total protein abundances upon Mcm6 knockdown in the murine CH12 cells

Project description:Chromosomal translocations result from joining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and frequently cause cancer. Yet, the steps linking DSB formation to DSB ligation remain undeciphered. We report that DNA replication timing (RT) directly regulates lymphomagenic Myc translocations during antibody maturation in B-cells downstream of DSBs and independently of DSB frequency. Depletion of minichromosome-maintenance (MCM) complexes alters replication origin activity, decreases translocations and abrogates global RT. Ablating a single origin at Myc causes an early-to-late RT switch, loss of translocations and reduced nuclear proximity with a translocation partner locus, phenotypes that were reversed by restoring early RT. Disruption of shared early RT also reduced tumorigenic translocations in human leukemic cells. Thus, RT constitutes a new, unprecedented mechanism in translocation biogenesis linking DSB formation to DSB ligation

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MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma

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2023-03-11 | PXD030527 | Pride

Modeling Pathogenesis of Primary Liver Cancer in Lineage Specific Cell Types

Project description:Classification of human liver cancer into biologically distinct subgroups suggests origin from different hepatic lineage cells. To clarify contribution of lineage stage in liver oncogenesis, we transduced H-Ras and SV40LT into hepatic progenitor cells (HPC), hepatoblasts (HB) and terminally differentiated adult hepatocytes (AH). Regardless of origin, all transformed cell types acquired common cancer stem cell characteristics in vitro and in vivo. However, expression analysis distinguished tumors of different cellular origin underscoring the contribution of lineage/stage-dependent genetic changes in malignant transformation. Notably, AH-derived tumors showed specific enrichment of c-Myc target genes. These data establish that any hepatic lineage cell can be a target for transformation and acquire common cancer stem cell traits via activation of diverse cell type specific pathways. Profiling of individual tumors derived by Ras/SV40 transformation of hepatic progenitor cell (oval cells), hepatoblasts (fetal) and adult hepatocytes

2013-10-01 | E-GEOD-41312 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ASCL1 represses a SOX9+ neural-crest-stem-like state in small cell lung cancer

Project description:ASCL1 is a neuroendocrine-lineage-specific oncogenic driver of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), highly expressed in a significant fraction of tumors. However, ~25% of human SCLC are ASCL1-low and associated with low-neuroendocrine fate and high MYC expression. Using genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we show that alterations in Rb1/Trp53/Myc in the mouse lung induce an ASCL1+ state of SCLC in multiple cells of origin. Genetic depletion of ASCL1 in MYC-driven SCLC dramatically inhibits tumor initiation and progression to the NEUROD1+ subtype of SCLC. Surprisingly, ASCL1 loss promotes a SOX9+ mesenchymal/neural-crest-stem-like state and the emergence of bone and more rarely, cartilaginous tumors. ASCL1 is critical for expression of key lineage-related transcription factors NKX2-1, FOXA2, and INSM1, and represses regulators of Hippo, Wnt and Notch developmental pathways in vivo. ASCL1 also represses SOX9 expression in human SCLC cells, suggesting a conserved function for ASCL1. Here, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing to capture transcriptomic signatures of RPM (Rb1/Trp53/Myc), RPR2 (Rb1/Trp53/Rbl2), and RPMA (Rb1/Trp53/Myc/Ascl1) GEMM tumors to support our conclusion that in MYC-driven SCLC, ASCL1 promotes neuroendocrine fate and represses the emergence of SOX9+ non-endodermal stem-like or mesenchymal fates. These data were integrated with 4 additional invasive RPM tumors from NCBI GEO: GSE149180.

2021-05-22 | GSE169529 | GEO

Gene Expression Differences in MYC and RAS Driven Liver Cancer Transgenic

Project description:MYC and RAS signaling are two oncogene pathways important in human liver cancer. We sought to model liver cancer driven by either MYC or RAS using conditional LAP-tTA crossed to either TRE-MYC or TRE-HRAS models in the FVB/N background, and to understand oncogenic signaling pathways that are distinct between each model. Non-tumor tissue, from LAP-tTTA (LT2) mice were used as controls. In this study, we generated tumors from either MYC or RAS driven tumors and compared global gene expression changes to each other and control samples.

2018-09-20 | GSE73295 | GEO

MYC drives temporal evolution of small cell lung cancer subtypes by reprogramming neuroendocrine fate [Bulk RNA-seq of RPM and RPR2 tumors]

Project description:Distinct SCLC molecular subtypes have been defined based on expression of lineage-related transcription factors: ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3 or YAP1, but their origins remain unknown. We perform bulk RNA-sequencing on SCLC tumors from RPM and Rb1/Trp53/Rbl2 (RPR2) GEMMs, initiated by CGRP-Cre, to complement time-series analysis of single-cell transcriptome profiling and reveal that MYC drives the dynamic evolution of SCLC subtypes. MYC promotes a temporal shift from an ASCL1-to-NEUROD1-to-YAP1+ state from a neuroendocrine cell of origin. MYC activates Notch signaling to dedifferentiate tumor cells to non-neuroendocrine fates. Sequenced RPM tumors driven by MycT58A, in comparison to RPR2 tumors associated with high Mycl, have increased intratumoral subtype heterogeneity by bulk-seq, single-cell RNA seq, and IHC compared to RPR2 tumors. In RPM tumors with high MYC, tumors are able to proceed to non-NE subtypes resembling the NEUROD1+ and YAP1+ human SCLC subtypes. These findings support our overall conclusions that genetics, cell of origin, and tumor cell plasticity determine SCLC subtype.

2020-05-28 | GSE149175 | GEO

Gene Expression Analysis of Transgenic Myc-Driven Liver Tumor Formation and Regression

Project description:Gene expression changes were examined in transgenic MYC-driven liver cancers at different time points as tumors formed and upon early regression. Time points evaluated include: Control (non-tumor bearing), Pre-tumor (mice were removed from doxyclycine in their diet to induce MYC oncogene expression for 4-5 weeks), Tumor (tumor nodules from mice that had been off of doxycycline for 8-9 weeks) and Early tumor regression (tumor-bearing mice were placed back on doxycycline for 72 hrs to inhibit MYC oncogene expresion). MYC-Driven Mouse Tumor Models are described in Schahaf, et al., Nature, 2004 and Goga, et al., Nature Medicine, 2007. 11 Total Samples: 3 Control, 4 Pre-Tumor, 4 Tumor, 4 Early Tumor Regression. Control = LAP-tTA transgenic mice. Others = TRE-MYC x LAP-tTA double transgenic mice (doxy off).

2011-07-06 | E-GEOD-28198 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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