The function of the GIGANTEA gene StGI.04 in potato: Uncovering a new function affecting the anthocyanin content of tuber skin
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Solanum tuberosum
PROVIDER: GSE189956 | GEO | 2022/03/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Plants use their endogenous clock to regulate many physiological processes related to their survival and adaptability. GIGANTEA (GI), one of the clock proteins, contributes to the maintenance of circadian period length and amplitude and also regulates flowering time and hypocotyl growth in response to day length. In addition to GI, EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4), another clock regulator, also contributes to these processes. However, little is known about the overall interactions between GI and ELF4 in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the genetic interactions between GI and ELF4 in circadian output regulation. The results show that GI is dominant to ELF4 in flowering time determination, but ELF4 is dominant to GI in hypocotyl growth regulation. Moreover, GI and ELF4 have a synergistic effect on endogenous clock regulation. Further, gene expression profiling of gi-2, elf4, and gi-2 elf4 mutants confirmed that GI and ELF4 had differential dominant effects on circadian physiological outputs at dawn and dusk, respectively. This differential dominance of GI and ELF4 provides a potential means to achieve the diversity in the regulation of circadian physiological outputs including flowering time and hypocotyl growth. The genetic interactions between GI and ELF4 could be time-dependent functional dominance along a day, called temporal dominance hereafter. To test this hypothesis, we performed gene expression profiling of WT, gi-2, elf4 and gi elf4 plants at dawn (ZT1) and dusk (ZT16).
2012-06-30 | E-GEOD-32938 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Plants use their endogenous clock to regulate many physiological processes related to their survival and adaptability. GIGANTEA (GI), one of the clock proteins, contributes to the maintenance of circadian period length and amplitude and also regulates flowering time and hypocotyl growth in response to day length. In addition to GI, EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4), another clock regulator, also contributes to these processes. However, little is known about the overall interactions between GI and ELF4 in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the genetic interactions between GI and ELF4 in circadian output regulation. The results show that GI is dominant to ELF4 in flowering time determination, but ELF4 is dominant to GI in hypocotyl growth regulation. Moreover, GI and ELF4 have a synergistic effect on endogenous clock regulation. Further, gene expression profiling of gi-2, elf4, and gi-2 elf4 mutants confirmed that GI and ELF4 had differential dominant effects on circadian physiological outputs at dawn and dusk, respectively. This differential dominance of GI and ELF4 provides a potential means to achieve the diversity in the regulation of circadian physiological outputs including flowering time and hypocotyl growth.
2012-07-01 | GSE32938 | GEO
Project description:The circadian clock is comprised of proteins that form negative feedback loops, which regulate the timing of global gene expression in a coordinated 24 hour cycle. As a result, the plant circadian clock is responsible for regulating numerous physiological processes central to growth and survival. To date, most plant circadian clock studies have relied on diurnal transcriptome changes to elucidate molecular connections between the circadian clock and observable phenotypes in wild-type plants. Here, we have combined high-throughput RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry to comparatively characterize the lhycca1, prr7prr9, gi and toc1 circadian clock mutant rosette transcriptome and proteome at the end-of-day and end-of-night.
2018-01-02 | PXD004763 | Pride
Project description:Translation initiation is a rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays an essential role in the translation initiation process. However, how eIF4E-dependent translation initiation regulates plant growth and development remains not fully understood. In this study, we have found that Arabidopsis eIF4E proteins distribute both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and only cytoplasmic eIF4E is implicated in the control of flowering time. Results of profiling the genome-wide translation by Ribo-tag sequencing further reveal that eIF4E may regulate plant flowering by affecting homeostatic translation of flowering-time genes, including the Central Oscillator Genes (COGs). Consistent with the hypothesis that transcription-translation feedback loop is the core mechanism to drive the oscillation of circadian clock, we show that the eIF4E-dependent translation modulates the rhythmic oscillation of protein abundance of the clock-related genes (CCGs). Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into how the protein translation regulates multiple developmental processed in Arabidopsis including circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering.
2023-10-25 | GSE245858 | GEO
Project description:GIGANTEA (GI) is an important modulator of plant circadian system. Recent studies have reported that protein GI is localized in both nucleus and cytosol, and nuclear and cytosolic GI exert differential effect on plant circadian clock. We first generated GI-null mutants and transgenic Arabidopsis plants that expressed GI fused to green fluorescent protein gene (GIpro::GI-GFP) and GI-GFP with a nuclear localization signal (GIpro::GI-GFP-NLS) or with a nuclear export signal (GIpro::GI-GFP-NES) under the control of native promoter in GI-null mutants. To investigate differential roles of nuclear and cytosolic GI in regulating plant circadian clock, we performed genome-wide gene expression profiling for wild-type plants and the GI-transgenic plants at morning and evening, and analyzed complementation patterns of gi-2 lesion by nuclear and cytosolic GI. As a result, we identified four complementation patterns representing genes affected by only nuclear GI (GIN) or cytosolic GI (GIC), those by either GIN or GIC, and those by the action of both GIN and GIC. Furthermore, we compared the transgenic plants expressing GIpro::GI-GFP with WT and the other GI-transgenic plants to confirm whether abnormally expressed genes by the gi-2 mutation can be complemented by restoring protein GI.
2013-09-01 | GSE47169 | GEO
Project description:GIGANTEA (GI) is an important modulator of plant circadian system. Recent studies have reported that protein GI is localized in both nucleus and cytosol, and nuclear and cytosolic GI exert differential effect on plant circadian clock. We first generated GI-null mutants and transgenic Arabidopsis plants that expressed GI fused to green fluorescent protein gene (GIpro::GI-GFP) and GI-GFP with a nuclear localization signal (GIpro::GI-GFP-NLS) or with a nuclear export signal (GIpro::GI-GFP-NES) under the control of native promoter in GI-null mutants. To investigate differential roles of nuclear and cytosolic GI in regulating plant circadian clock, we performed genome-wide gene expression profiling for wild-type plants and the GI-transgenic plants at morning and evening, and analyzed complementation patterns of gi-2 lesion by nuclear and cytosolic GI. As a result, we identified four complementation patterns representing genes affected by only nuclear GI (GIN) or cytosolic GI (GIC), those by either GIN or GIC, and those by the action of both GIN and GIC. Furthermore, we compared the transgenic plants expressing GIpro::GI-GFP with WT and the other GI-transgenic plants to confirm whether abnormally expressed genes by the gi-2 mutation can be complemented by restoring protein GI. Wild-type plants (Col), GI-null mutants (gi-2), and the other transgenic gi-2 plants expressing GIpro::GI-GFP (called GI plants), GIpro::GI-GFP-NLS (called GI-NLS plants), and GIpro::GI-GFP-NES (called GI-NES plants) were grown for seven days under conditions of 16 h light and 8 h dark (LD) and harvested at 1h (ZT1) and 16 hr (ZT16) after the light is turned on, representing morning and evening, respectively. mRNA levels were measured from three biological replicates of Col, gi-2, GI-NLS, GI-NES, and GI.
2013-09-01 | E-GEOD-47169 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Plants are sessile organisms that have acquired highly plastic developmental strategies to adapt to the environment. Among these processes, the floral transition is essential to ensure reproductive success and is finely regulated by several internal and external genetic networks. The photoperiodic pathway, which controls the plant response to day length, is one of the most important pathways controlling flowering. In Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering, CONSTANS (CO) is the central gene activating the expression of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the leaves at the end of a long day. CO expression is strongly regulated by the circadian clock. However, to date, no evidence has been reported regarding a feedback loop from the photoperiod pathway back to the circadian clock. Using transcriptional networks, we have identified relevant network motifs regulating the interplay between the circadian clock and the photoperiod pathway. Gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and phenotypic analysis allowed us to elucidate the role of CO over the circadian clock. Plants with altered CO expression showed a different internal clock period, measured by daily rhythmic movements in the leaves. We show that CO is able to activate key genes related to the circadian clock, such as CCA1, LHY, PRR5 and GI, at the end of a long day by binding to specific sites on their promoters. Moreover, a significant number of PRR5 repressed target genes are upregulated by CO, and this could explain the phase transition promoted by CO. The CO-PRR5 complex interacts with the bZIP transcription factor HY5 and helps to localize the complex in the promoters of clock genes. Our results indicate that there may be a feedback loop in which CO communicates back to the circadian clock, feeding seasonal information to the circadian system.
2024-01-01 | GSE222657 | GEO
Project description:Plants are sessile organisms that have acquired highly plastic developmental strategies to adapt to the environment. Among these processes, the floral transition is essential to ensure reproductive success and is finely regulated by several internal and external genetic networks. The photoperiodic pathway, which controls the plant response to day length, is one of the most important pathways controlling flowering. In Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering, CONSTANS (CO) is the central gene activating the expression of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the leaves at the end of a long day. CO expression is strongly regulated by the circadian clock. However, to date, no evidence has been reported regarding a feedback loop from the photoperiod pathway back to the circadian clock. Using transcriptional networks, we have identified relevant network motifs regulating the interplay between the circadian clock and the photoperiod pathway. Gene expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and phenotypic analysis allowed us to elucidate the role of CO over the circadian clock. Plants with altered CO expression showed a different internal clock period, measured by daily rhythmic movements in the leaves. We show that CO is able to activate key genes related to the circadian clock, such as CCA1, LHY, PRR5 and GI, at the end of a long day by binding to specific sites on their promoters. Moreover, a significant number of PRR5 repressed target genes are upregulated by CO, and this could explain the phase transition promoted by CO. The CO-PRR5 complex interacts with the bZIP transcription factor HY5 and helps to localize the complex in the promoters of clock genes. Our results indicate that there may be a feedback loop in which CO communicates back to the circadian clock, feeding seasonal information to the circadian system.
2023-08-01 | GSE236178 | GEO
Project description:Plant responses to the environment are shaped by the external stimuli and internal signaling pathways. In both the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and crop species, circadian clock factors have been identified as critical for growth, flowering and circadian rhythms. Outside of A. thaliana, however, little is known about the molecular function of clock genes. Therefore, we sought to compare the function of Brachypodium distachyon and Seteria viridis orthologs of EARLY FLOWERING3, a key clock gene in A. thaliana. To identify both cycling genes and putative ELF3 functional orthologs in S. viridis, a circadian RNA-seq dataset and online query tool (Diel Explorer) was generated as community resource to explore expression profiles of Setaria genes under constant conditions after photo- or thermo-entrainment. The function of ELF3 orthologs from A. thaliana, B. distachyon, and S. viridis were tested for complementation of an elf3 mutation in A. thaliana. Despite comparably low sequence identity versus AtELF3 (< 37%), both monocot orthologs were capable of rescuing hypocotyl elongation, flowering time and arrhythmic clock phenotypes. Molecular analysis using affinity purification and mass spectrometry to compare physical interactions also found that BdELF3 and SvELF3 could be integrated into similar complexes and networks as AtELF3, including forming a composite evening complex. Thus, we find that, despite 180 million years of separation, BdELF3 and SvELF3 can functionally complement loss of ELF3 at the molecular and physiological level.
2018-01-08 | PXD006352 | Pride
Project description:Plants monitor and integrate temperature, photoperiod and light quality signals to respond to continuous changes in their environment. The GIGANTEA (GI) protein is central in diverse signaling pathways, including photoperiodic, sugar and light signaling pathways, stress responses and circadian clock regulation. Previously, GI was shown to activate expression of the key floral regulators CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) by facilitating degradation of a family of CYCLING DOF FACTOR (CDF) transcriptional repressors. However, whether CDFs are implicated in other processes regulated by GI remains unclear. We investigated the contribution of the GI-CDF module to traits that depend on GI. Transcriptome profiling indicated that mutations in GI and the CDFs have antagonistic effects on expression of a wider set of genes than CO and FT, whilst other genes are regulated by GI independently of the CDFs. Detailed expression studies followed by phenotypic assays showed that the CDFs function downstream of GI to control responses to freezing temperatures and growth, but are not necessary for proper clock function. Thus GI-mediated regulation of CDFs contributes to several processes in addition to flowering, but is not implicated in all of the phenotypes influenced by GI.
2015-07-31 | GSE59996 | GEO